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Wolfgang Denkad5bb452007-03-06 18:08:43 +01001/*
2 * (C) Copyright 2002
3 * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
4 *
5 * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
6 * project.
7 *
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
10 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
11 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 *
13 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 *
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
21 * MA 02111-1307 USA
22 */
23
24#include <common.h>
25
26/* Memory test
27 *
28 * General observations:
29 * o The recommended test sequence is to test the data lines: if they are
30 * broken, nothing else will work properly. Then test the address
31 * lines. Finally, test the cells in the memory now that the test
32 * program knows that the address and data lines work properly.
33 * This sequence also helps isolate and identify what is faulty.
34 *
35 * o For the address line test, it is a good idea to use the base
36 * address of the lowest memory location, which causes a '1' bit to
37 * walk through a field of zeros on the address lines and the highest
38 * memory location, which causes a '0' bit to walk through a field of
39 * '1's on the address line.
40 *
41 * o Floating buses can fool memory tests if the test routine writes
42 * a value and then reads it back immediately. The problem is, the
43 * write will charge the residual capacitance on the data bus so the
44 * bus retains its state briefely. When the test program reads the
45 * value back immediately, the capacitance of the bus can allow it
46 * to read back what was written, even though the memory circuitry
47 * is broken. To avoid this, the test program should write a test
48 * pattern to the target location, write a different pattern elsewhere
49 * to charge the residual capacitance in a differnt manner, then read
50 * the target location back.
51 *
52 * o Always read the target location EXACTLY ONCE and save it in a local
53 * variable. The problem with reading the target location more than
54 * once is that the second and subsequent reads may work properly,
55 * resulting in a failed test that tells the poor technician that
56 * "Memory error at 00000000, wrote aaaaaaaa, read aaaaaaaa" which
57 * doesn't help him one bit and causes puzzled phone calls. Been there,
58 * done that.
59 *
60 * Data line test:
61 * ---------------
62 * This tests data lines for shorts and opens by forcing adjacent data
63 * to opposite states. Because the data lines could be routed in an
64 * arbitrary manner the must ensure test patterns ensure that every case
65 * is tested. By using the following series of binary patterns every
66 * combination of adjacent bits is test regardless of routing.
67 *
68 * ...101010101010101010101010
69 * ...110011001100110011001100
70 * ...111100001111000011110000
71 * ...111111110000000011111111
72 *
73 * Carrying this out, gives us six hex patterns as follows:
74 *
75 * 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
76 * 0xcccccccccccccccc
77 * 0xf0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0
78 * 0xff00ff00ff00ff00
79 * 0xffff0000ffff0000
80 * 0xffffffff00000000
81 *
82 * To test for short and opens to other signals on our boards, we
83 * simply test with the 1's complemnt of the paterns as well, resulting
84 * in twelve patterns total.
85 *
86 * After writing a test pattern. a special pattern 0x0123456789ABCDEF is
87 * written to a different address in case the data lines are floating.
88 * Thus, if a byte lane fails, you will see part of the special
89 * pattern in that byte lane when the test runs. For example, if the
90 * xx__xxxxxxxxxxxx byte line fails, you will see aa23aaaaaaaaaaaa
91 * (for the 'a' test pattern).
92 *
93 * Address line test:
94 * ------------------
95 * This function performs a test to verify that all the address lines
96 * hooked up to the RAM work properly. If there is an address line
97 * fault, it usually shows up as two different locations in the address
98 * map (related by the faulty address line) mapping to one physical
99 * memory storage location. The artifact that shows up is writing to
100 * the first location "changes" the second location.
101 *
102 * To test all address lines, we start with the given base address and
103 * xor the address with a '1' bit to flip one address line. For each
104 * test, we shift the '1' bit left to test the next address line.
105 *
106 * In the actual code, we start with address sizeof(ulong) since our
107 * test pattern we use is a ulong and thus, if we tried to test lower
108 * order address bits, it wouldn't work because our pattern would
109 * overwrite itself.
110 *
111 * Example for a 4 bit address space with the base at 0000:
112 * 0000 <- base
113 * 0001 <- test 1
114 * 0010 <- test 2
115 * 0100 <- test 3
116 * 1000 <- test 4
117 * Example for a 4 bit address space with the base at 0010:
118 * 0010 <- base
119 * 0011 <- test 1
120 * 0000 <- (below the base address, skipped)
121 * 0110 <- test 2
122 * 1010 <- test 3
123 *
124 * The test locations are successively tested to make sure that they are
125 * not "mirrored" onto the base address due to a faulty address line.
126 * Note that the base and each test location are related by one address
127 * line flipped. Note that the base address need not be all zeros.
128 *
129 * Memory tests 1-4:
130 * -----------------
131 * These tests verify RAM using sequential writes and reads
132 * to/from RAM. There are several test cases that use different patterns to
133 * verify RAM. Each test case fills a region of RAM with one pattern and
134 * then reads the region back and compares its contents with the pattern.
135 * The following patterns are used:
136 *
137 * 1a) zero pattern (0x00000000)
138 * 1b) negative pattern (0xffffffff)
139 * 1c) checkerboard pattern (0x55555555)
140 * 1d) checkerboard pattern (0xaaaaaaaa)
141 * 2) bit-flip pattern ((1 << (offset % 32))
142 * 3) address pattern (offset)
143 * 4) address pattern (~offset)
144 *
145 * Being run in normal mode, the test verifies only small 4Kb
146 * regions of RAM around each 1Mb boundary. For example, for 64Mb
147 * RAM the following areas are verified: 0x00000000-0x00000800,
148 * 0x000ff800-0x00100800, 0x001ff800-0x00200800, ..., 0x03fff800-
149 * 0x04000000. If the test is run in slow-test mode, it verifies
150 * the whole RAM.
151 */
152
Wolfgang Denkad5bb452007-03-06 18:08:43 +0100153#include <post.h>
154#include <watchdog.h>
155
156#if CONFIG_POST & CFG_POST_MEMORY
157
158DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
159
160/*
161 * Define INJECT_*_ERRORS for testing error detection in the presence of
162 * _good_ hardware.
163 */
164#undef INJECT_DATA_ERRORS
165#undef INJECT_ADDRESS_ERRORS
166
167#ifdef INJECT_DATA_ERRORS
168#warning "Injecting data line errors for testing purposes"
169#endif
170
171#ifdef INJECT_ADDRESS_ERRORS
172#warning "Injecting address line errors for testing purposes"
173#endif
174
175
176/*
177 * This function performs a double word move from the data at
178 * the source pointer to the location at the destination pointer.
179 * This is helpful for testing memory on processors which have a 64 bit
180 * wide data bus.
181 *
182 * On those PowerPC with FPU, use assembly and a floating point move:
183 * this does a 64 bit move.
184 *
185 * For other processors, let the compiler generate the best code it can.
186 */
Anatolij Gustschin44b4dbe2008-02-25 23:53:07 +0100187static void move64(const unsigned long long *src, unsigned long long *dest)
Wolfgang Denkad5bb452007-03-06 18:08:43 +0100188{
189#if defined(CONFIG_MPC8260) || defined(CONFIG_MPC824X)
190 asm ("lfd 0, 0(3)\n\t" /* fpr0 = *scr */
191 "stfd 0, 0(4)" /* *dest = fpr0 */
192 : : : "fr0" ); /* Clobbers fr0 */
193 return;
194#else
195 *dest = *src;
196#endif
197}
198
199/*
200 * This is 64 bit wide test patterns. Note that they reside in ROM
201 * (which presumably works) and the tests write them to RAM which may
202 * not work.
203 *
204 * The "otherpattern" is written to drive the data bus to values other
205 * than the test pattern. This is for detecting floating bus lines.
206 *
207 */
208const static unsigned long long pattern[] = {
209 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaULL,
210 0xccccccccccccccccULL,
211 0xf0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0ULL,
212 0xff00ff00ff00ff00ULL,
213 0xffff0000ffff0000ULL,
214 0xffffffff00000000ULL,
215 0x00000000ffffffffULL,
216 0x0000ffff0000ffffULL,
217 0x00ff00ff00ff00ffULL,
218 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0fULL,
219 0x3333333333333333ULL,
220 0x5555555555555555ULL
221};
222const unsigned long long otherpattern = 0x0123456789abcdefULL;
223
224
225static int memory_post_dataline(unsigned long long * pmem)
226{
227 unsigned long long temp64 = 0;
228 int num_patterns = sizeof(pattern)/ sizeof(pattern[0]);
229 int i;
230 unsigned int hi, lo, pathi, patlo;
231 int ret = 0;
232
233 for ( i = 0; i < num_patterns; i++) {
Anatolij Gustschin44b4dbe2008-02-25 23:53:07 +0100234 move64(&(pattern[i]), pmem++);
Wolfgang Denkad5bb452007-03-06 18:08:43 +0100235 /*
236 * Put a different pattern on the data lines: otherwise they
237 * may float long enough to read back what we wrote.
238 */
Anatolij Gustschin44b4dbe2008-02-25 23:53:07 +0100239 move64(&otherpattern, pmem--);
Wolfgang Denkad5bb452007-03-06 18:08:43 +0100240 move64(pmem, &temp64);
241
242#ifdef INJECT_DATA_ERRORS
243 temp64 ^= 0x00008000;
244#endif
245
246 if (temp64 != pattern[i]){
247 pathi = (pattern[i]>>32) & 0xffffffff;
248 patlo = pattern[i] & 0xffffffff;
249
250 hi = (temp64>>32) & 0xffffffff;
251 lo = temp64 & 0xffffffff;
252
253 post_log ("Memory (date line) error at %08x, "
254 "wrote %08x%08x, read %08x%08x !\n",
255 pmem, pathi, patlo, hi, lo);
256 ret = -1;
257 }
258 }
259 return ret;
260}
261
262static int memory_post_addrline(ulong *testaddr, ulong *base, ulong size)
263{
264 ulong *target;
265 ulong *end;
266 ulong readback;
267 ulong xor;
268 int ret = 0;
269
270 end = (ulong *)((ulong)base + size); /* pointer arith! */
271 xor = 0;
272 for(xor = sizeof(ulong); xor > 0; xor <<= 1) {
273 target = (ulong *)((ulong)testaddr ^ xor);
274 if((target >= base) && (target < end)) {
275 *testaddr = ~*target;
276 readback = *target;
277
278#ifdef INJECT_ADDRESS_ERRORS
279 if(xor == 0x00008000) {
280 readback = *testaddr;
281 }
282#endif
283 if(readback == *testaddr) {
284 post_log ("Memory (address line) error at %08x<->%08x, "
285 "XOR value %08x !\n",
286 testaddr, target, xor);
287 ret = -1;
288 }
289 }
290 }
291 return ret;
292}
293
294static int memory_post_test1 (unsigned long start,
295 unsigned long size,
296 unsigned long val)
297{
298 unsigned long i;
299 ulong *mem = (ulong *) start;
300 ulong readback;
301 int ret = 0;
302
303 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong); i++) {
304 mem[i] = val;
305 if (i % 1024 == 0)
306 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
307 }
308
309 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong) && ret == 0; i++) {
310 readback = mem[i];
311 if (readback != val) {
312 post_log ("Memory error at %08x, "
313 "wrote %08x, read %08x !\n",
314 mem + i, val, readback);
315
316 ret = -1;
317 break;
318 }
319 if (i % 1024 == 0)
320 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
321 }
322
323 return ret;
324}
325
326static int memory_post_test2 (unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
327{
328 unsigned long i;
329 ulong *mem = (ulong *) start;
330 ulong readback;
331 int ret = 0;
332
333 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong); i++) {
334 mem[i] = 1 << (i % 32);
335 if (i % 1024 == 0)
336 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
337 }
338
339 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong) && ret == 0; i++) {
340 readback = mem[i];
341 if (readback != (1 << (i % 32))) {
342 post_log ("Memory error at %08x, "
343 "wrote %08x, read %08x !\n",
344 mem + i, 1 << (i % 32), readback);
345
346 ret = -1;
347 break;
348 }
349 if (i % 1024 == 0)
350 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
351 }
352
353 return ret;
354}
355
356static int memory_post_test3 (unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
357{
358 unsigned long i;
359 ulong *mem = (ulong *) start;
360 ulong readback;
361 int ret = 0;
362
363 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong); i++) {
364 mem[i] = i;
365 if (i % 1024 == 0)
366 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
367 }
368
369 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong) && ret == 0; i++) {
370 readback = mem[i];
371 if (readback != i) {
372 post_log ("Memory error at %08x, "
373 "wrote %08x, read %08x !\n",
374 mem + i, i, readback);
375
376 ret = -1;
377 break;
378 }
379 if (i % 1024 == 0)
380 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
381 }
382
383 return ret;
384}
385
386static int memory_post_test4 (unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
387{
388 unsigned long i;
389 ulong *mem = (ulong *) start;
390 ulong readback;
391 int ret = 0;
392
393 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong); i++) {
394 mem[i] = ~i;
395 if (i % 1024 == 0)
396 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
397 }
398
399 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (ulong) && ret == 0; i++) {
400 readback = mem[i];
401 if (readback != ~i) {
402 post_log ("Memory error at %08x, "
403 "wrote %08x, read %08x !\n",
404 mem + i, ~i, readback);
405
406 ret = -1;
407 break;
408 }
409 if (i % 1024 == 0)
410 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
411 }
412
413 return ret;
414}
415
416static int memory_post_tests (unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
417{
418 int ret = 0;
419
420 if (ret == 0)
421 ret = memory_post_dataline ((unsigned long long *)start);
422 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
423 if (ret == 0)
424 ret = memory_post_addrline ((ulong *)start, (ulong *)start, size);
425 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
426 if (ret == 0)
427 ret = memory_post_addrline ((ulong *)(start + size - 8),
428 (ulong *)start, size);
429 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
430 if (ret == 0)
431 ret = memory_post_test1 (start, size, 0x00000000);
432 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
433 if (ret == 0)
434 ret = memory_post_test1 (start, size, 0xffffffff);
435 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
436 if (ret == 0)
437 ret = memory_post_test1 (start, size, 0x55555555);
438 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
439 if (ret == 0)
440 ret = memory_post_test1 (start, size, 0xaaaaaaaa);
441 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
442 if (ret == 0)
443 ret = memory_post_test2 (start, size);
444 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
445 if (ret == 0)
446 ret = memory_post_test3 (start, size);
447 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
448 if (ret == 0)
449 ret = memory_post_test4 (start, size);
450 WATCHDOG_RESET ();
451
452 return ret;
453}
454
455int memory_post_test (int flags)
456{
457 int ret = 0;
458 bd_t *bd = gd->bd;
459 unsigned long memsize = (bd->bi_memsize >= 256 << 20 ?
460 256 << 20 : bd->bi_memsize) - (1 << 20);
461
Yuri Tikhonov9c02def2007-08-25 05:07:16 +0200462 /* Limit area to be tested with the board info struct */
463 if (CFG_SDRAM_BASE + memsize > (ulong)bd)
464 memsize = (ulong)bd - CFG_SDRAM_BASE;
Wolfgang Denkad5bb452007-03-06 18:08:43 +0100465
466 if (flags & POST_SLOWTEST) {
467 ret = memory_post_tests (CFG_SDRAM_BASE, memsize);
468 } else { /* POST_NORMAL */
469
470 unsigned long i;
471
472 for (i = 0; i < (memsize >> 20) && ret == 0; i++) {
473 if (ret == 0)
474 ret = memory_post_tests (i << 20, 0x800);
475 if (ret == 0)
476 ret = memory_post_tests ((i << 20) + 0xff800, 0x800);
477 }
478 }
479
480 return ret;
481}
482
483#endif /* CONFIG_POST & CFG_POST_MEMORY */