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:title: Zuul
Zuul
====
Configuration
-------------
Zuul has three configuration files:
**zuul.conf**
Credentials for Gerrit and Jenkins, locations of the other config files
**layout.yaml**
Project and pipeline configuration -- what Zuul does
**logging.conf**
Python logging config
Examples of each of the three files can be found in the etc/ directory
of the source distribution.
zuul.conf
~~~~~~~~~
Zuul will look for ``/etc/zuul/zuul.conf`` or ``~/zuul.conf`` to
bootstrap its configuration. Alternately, you may specify ``-c
/path/to/zuul.conf`` on the command line.
Gerrit and Jenkins credentials are each described in a section of
zuul.conf. The location of the other two configuration files (as well
as the location of the PID file when running Zuul as a server) are
specified in a third section.
The three sections of this config and their options are documented below.
You can also find an example zuul.conf file in the git
`repository
<https://github.com/openstack-ci/zuul/blob/master/etc/zuul.conf-sample>`_
jenkins
"""""""
**server**
URL for the root of the Jenkins HTTP server.
``server=https://jenkins.example.com``
**user**
User to authenticate against Jenkins with.
``user=jenkins``
**apikey**
Jenkins API Key credentials for the above user.
``apikey=1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef``
gerrit
""""""
**server**
FQDN of Gerrit server.
``server=review.example.com``
**baseurl**
Optional: path to Gerrit web interface. Defaults to ``https://<value
of server>/``. ``baseurl=https://review.example.com/review_site/``
**user**
User name to use when logging into above server via ssh.
``user=jenkins``
**sshkey**
Path to SSH key to use when logging into above server.
``sshkey=/home/jenkins/.ssh/id_rsa``
zuul
""""
**layout_config**
Path to layout config file.
``layout_config=/etc/zuul/layout.yaml``
**log_config**
Path to log config file.
``log_config=/etc/zuul/logging.yaml``
**pidfile**
Path to PID lock file.
``pidfile=/var/run/zuul/zuul.pid``
**state_dir**
Path to directory that Zuul should save state to.
``state_dir=/var/lib/zuul``
**git_dir**
Directory that Zuul should clone local git repositories to.
``git_dir=/var/lib/zuul/git``
**push_change_refs**
Boolean value (``true`` or ``false``) that determines if Zuul should
push change refs to the git origin server for the git repositories in
git_dir.
``push_change_refs=true``
**status_url**
URL that will be posted in Zuul comments made to Gerrit changes when
beginning Jenkins jobs for a change.
``status_url=https://jenkins.example.com/zuul/status``
**url_pattern**
If you are storing build logs external to Jenkins and wish to link to
those logs when Zuul makes comments on Gerrit changes for completed
jobs this setting configures what the URLs for those links should be.
``http://logs.example.com/{change.number}/{change.patchset}/{pipeline.name}/{job.name}/{build.number}``
layout.yaml
~~~~~~~~~~~
This is the main configuration file for Zuul, where all of the pipelines
and projects are defined, what tests should be run, and what actions
Zuul should perform. There are three sections: pipelines, jobs, and
projects.
.. _includes:
Includes
""""""""
Custom functions to be used in Zuul's configuration may be provided
using the ``includes`` directive. It accepts a list of files to
include, and currently supports one type of inclusion, a python file::
includes:
- python-file: local_functions.py
**python-file**
The path to a python file. The file will be loaded and objects that
it defines will be placed in a special environment which can be
referenced in the Zuul configuration. Currently only the
parameter-function attribute of a Job uses this feature.
Pipelines
"""""""""
Zuul can have any number of independent pipelines. Whenever a matching
Gerrit event is found for a pipeline, that event is added to the
pipeline, and the jobs specified for that pipeline are run. When all
jobs specified for the pipeline that were triggered by an event are
completed, Zuul reports back to Gerrit the results.
There are no pre-defined pipelines in Zuul, rather you can define
whatever pipelines you need in the layout file. This is a very flexible
system that can accommodate many kinds of workflows.
Here is a quick example of a pipeline definition followed by an
explanation of each of the parameters::
- name: check
manager: IndependentPipelineManager
trigger:
- event: patchset-created
success:
verified: 1
failure:
verified: -1
**name**
This is used later in the project definition to indicate what jobs
should be run for events in the pipeline.
**manager**
There are currently two schemes for managing pipelines:
*IndependentPipelineManager*
Every event in this pipeline should be treated as independent of
other events in the pipeline. This is appropriate when the order of
events in the pipeline doesn't matter because the results of the
actions this pipeline performs can not affect other events in the
pipeline. For example, when a change is first uploaded for review,
you may want to run tests on that change to provide early feedback
to reviewers. At the end of the tests, the change is not going to
be merged, so it is safe to run these tests in parallel without
regard to any other changes in the pipeline. They are independent.
Another type of pipeline that is independent is a post-merge
pipeline. In that case, the changes have already merged, so the
results can not affect any other events in the pipeline.
*DependentPipelineManager*
The dependent pipeline manager is designed for gating. It ensures
that every change is tested exactly as it is going to be merged
into the repository. An ideal gating system would test one change
at a time, applied to the tip of the repository, and only if that
change passed tests would it be merged. Then the next change in
line would be tested the same way. In order to achieve parallel
testing of changes, the dependent pipeline manager performs
speculative execution on changes. It orders changes based on
their entry into the pipeline. It begins testing all changes in
parallel, assuming that each change ahead in the pipeline will pass
its tests. If they all succeed, all the changes can be tested and
merged in parallel. If a change near the front of the pipeline
fails its tests, each change behind it ignores whatever tests have
been completed and are tested again without the change in front.
This way gate tests may run in parallel but still be tested
correctly, exactly as they will appear in the repository when
merged.
One important characteristic of the DependentPipelineManager is that
it analyzes the jobs that are triggered by different projects, and
if those projects have jobs in common, it treats those projects as
related, and they share a single virtual queue of changes. Thus,
if there is a job that performs integration testing on two
projects, those two projects will automatically share a virtual
change queue. If a third project does not invoke that job, it
will be part of a separate virtual change queue, and changes to
it will not depend on changes to the first two jobs.
For more detail on the theory and operation of Zuul's
DependentPipelineManager, see: :doc:`gating`.
**trigger**
This describes what Gerrit events should be placed in the pipeline.
Triggers are not exclusive -- matching events may be placed in
multiple pipelines, and they will behave independently in each of the
pipelines they match. Multiple triggers may be listed. Further
parameters describe the kind of events that match:
*event*
The event name from gerrit. Examples: ``patchset-created``,
``comment-added``, ``ref-updated``. This field is treated as a
regular expression.
*branch*
The branch associated with the event. Example: ``master``. This
field is treated as a regular expression, and multiple branches may
be listed.
*ref*
On ref-updated events, the branch parameter is not used, instead the
ref is provided. Currently Gerrit has the somewhat idiosyncratic
behavior of specifying bare refs for branch names (e.g., ``master``),
but full ref names for other kinds of refs (e.g., ``refs/tags/foo``).
Zuul matches what you put here exactly against what Gerrit
provides. This field is treated as a regular expression, and
multiple refs may be listed.
*approval*
This is only used for ``comment-added`` events. It only matches if
the event has a matching approval associated with it. Example:
``code-review: 2`` matches a ``+2`` vote on the code review category.
Multiple approvals may be listed.
*comment_filter*
This is only used for ``comment-added`` events. It accepts a list of
regexes that are searched for in the comment string. If any of these
regexes matches a portion of the comment string the trigger is
matched. ``comment_filter: retrigger`` will match when comments
containing 'retrigger' somewhere in the comment text are added to a
change.
**success**
Describes what Zuul should do if all the jobs complete successfully.
This section is optional; if it is omitted, Zuul will run jobs and
do nothing on success; it will not even report a message to Gerrit.
If the section is present, it will leave a message on the Gerrit
review. Each additional argument is assumed to be an argument to
``gerrit review``, with the boolean value of ``true`` simply
indicating that the argument should be present without following it
with a value. For example, ``verified: 1`` becomes ``gerrit
review --verified 1`` and ``submit: true`` becomes ``gerrit review
--submit``.
**failure**
Uses the same syntax as **success**, but describes what Zuul should
do if at least one job fails.
**start**
Uses the same syntax as **success**, but describes what Zuul should
do when a change is added to the pipeline manager. This can be used,
for example, to reset the value of the Verified review category.
Some example pipeline configurations are included in the sample layout
file. The first is called a *check* pipeline::
- name: check
manager: IndependentPipelineManager
trigger:
- event: patchset-created
success:
verified: 1
failure:
verified: -1
This will trigger jobs each time a new patchset (or change) is
uploaded to Gerrit, and report +/-1 values to Gerrit in the
``verified`` review category. ::
- name: gate
manager: DependentPipelineManager
trigger:
- event: comment-added
approval:
- approved: 1
success:
verified: 2
submit: true
failure:
verified: -2
This will trigger jobs whenever a reviewer leaves a vote of ``1`` in the
``approved`` review category in Gerrit (a non-standard category).
Changes will be tested in such a way as to guarantee that they will be
merged exactly as tested, though that will happen in parallel by
creating a virtual queue of dependent changes and performing
speculative execution of jobs. ::
- name: post
manager: IndependentPipelineManager
trigger:
- event: ref-updated
ref: ^(?!refs/).*$
This will trigger jobs whenever a change is merged to a named branch
(e.g., ``master``). No output will be reported to Gerrit. This is
useful for side effects such as creating per-commit tarballs. ::
- name: silent
manager: IndependentPipelineManager
trigger:
- event: patchset-created
This also triggers jobs when changes are uploaded to Gerrit, but no
results are reported to Gerrit. This is useful for jobs that are in
development and not yet ready to be presented to developers. ::
pipelines:
- name: post-merge
manager: IndependentPipelineManager
trigger:
- event: change-merged
success:
force-message: True
failure:
force-message: True
The ``change-merged`` events happen when a change has been merged in the git
repository. The change is thus closed and Gerrit will not accept modifications
to the review scoring such as ``code-review`` or ``verified``. By using the
``force-message: True`` parameter, Zuul will pass ``--force-message`` to the
``gerrit review`` command, thus making sure the message is actually
sent back to Gerrit regardless of approval scores.
That kind of pipeline is nice to run regression or performance tests.
.. note::
The ``change-merged`` event does not include the commit sha1 which can be
hazardous, it would let you report back to Gerrit though. If you were to
build a tarball for a specific commit, you should consider insteading using
the ``ref-updated`` event which does include the commit sha1 (but lack the
Gerrit change number).
Jobs
""""
The jobs section is optional, and can be used to set attributes of
jobs that are independent of their association with a project. For
example, if a job should return a customized message on failure, that
may be specified here. Otherwise, Zuul does not need to be told about
each job as it builds a list from the project specification.
**name**
The name of the job. This field is treated as a regular expression
and will be applied to each job that matches.
**failure-message (optional)**
The message that should be reported to Gerrit if the job fails.
**success-message (optional)**
The message that should be reported to Gerrit if the job fails.
**hold-following-changes (optional)**
This is a boolean that indicates that changes that follow this
change in a dependent change pipeline should wait until this job
succeeds before launching. If this is applied to a very short job
that can predict whether longer jobs will fail early, this can be
used to reduce the number of jobs that Zuul will launch and
ultimately have to cancel. In that case, a small amount of
paralellization of jobs is traded for more efficient use of testing
resources. On the other hand, to apply this to a long running job
would largely defeat the parallelization of dependent change testing
that is the main feature of Zuul. The default is False.
**branch (optional)**
This job should only be run on matching branches. This field is
treated as a regular expression and multiple branches may be
listed.
**parameter-function (optional)**
Specifies a function that should be applied to the parameters before
the job is launched. The function should be defined in a python file
included with the :ref:`includes` directive. The function
should have the following signature:
.. function:: parameters(change, parameters)
Manipulate the parameters passed to a job before a build is
launched. The ``parameters`` dictionary will already contain the
standard Zuul job parameters, and is expected to be modified
in-place.
:param change: the current change
:type change: zuul.model.Change
:param parameters: parameters to be passed to the job
:type parameters: dict
Here is an example of setting the failure message for jobs that check
whether a change merges cleanly::
- name: ^.*-merge$
failure-message: This change was unable to be automatically merged
with the current state of the repository. Please rebase your
change and upload a new patchset.
Projects
""""""""
The projects section indicates what jobs should be run in each pipeline
for events associated with each project. It contains a list of
projects. Here is an example::
- name: example/project
check:
- project-merge:
- project-unittest
- project-pep8
- project-pyflakes
gate:
- project-merge:
- project-unittest
- project-pep8
- project-pyflakes
post:
- project-publish
**name**
The name of the project (as known by Gerrit).
This is followed by a section for each of the pipelines defined above.
Pipelines may be omitted if no jobs should run for this project in a
given pipeline. Within the pipeline section, the jobs that should be
executed are listed. If a job is entered as a dictionary key, then
jobs contained within that key are only executed if the key job
succeeds. In the above example, project-unittest, project-pep8, and
project-pyflakes are only executed if project-merge succeeds. This
can help avoid running unnecessary jobs.
.. seealso:: The OpenStack Zuul configuration for a comprehensive example: https://github.com/openstack/openstack-ci-puppet/blob/master/modules/openstack_project/files/zuul/layout.yaml
logging.conf
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This file is optional. If provided, it should be a standard
:mod:`logging.config` module configuration file. If not present, Zuul will
output all log messages of DEBUG level or higher to the console.
Starting Zuul
-------------
To start Zuul, run **zuul-server**::
usage: zuul-server [-h] [-c CONFIG] [-d]
Project gating system.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-c CONFIG specify the config file
-d do not run as a daemon
You may want to use the ``-d`` argument while you are initially setting
up Zuul so you can detect any configuration errors quickly. Under
normal operation, omit ``-d`` and let Zuul run as a daemon.
If you send signal 1 (SIGHUP) to the zuul-server process, Zuul will
stop executing new jobs, wait until all executing jobs are finished,
reload its configuration, and resume. Any values in any of the
configuration files may be changed, except the location of Zuul's PID
file (a change to that will be ignored until Zuul is restarted).