src/xml.c

/**
 * @file xml.c
 * @author Radek Krejci <rkrejci@cesnet.cz>
 * @brief Generic XML parser implementation for libyang
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2015 - 2018 CESNET, z.s.p.o.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under BSD 3-Clause License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
 */

#include "common.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "xml.h"
#include "printer_internal.h"

/* Move input p by s characters, if EOF log with lyxml_context c */
#define move_input(c,p,s) p += s; LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!p[0], LOGVAL(c->ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &c->line, LY_VCODE_EOF), LY_EVALID)

/* Ignore whitespaces in the input string p */
#define ign_xmlws(c,p) while (is_xmlws(*(p))) {if (*(p) == '\n') {++c->line;} ++p;}

/**
 * @brief Ignore any characters until the delim of the size delim_len is read
 *
 * Detects number of read new lines.
 * Returns the pointer to the beginning of the detected delim, or NULL in case the delim not found in
 * NULL-terminated input string.
 *  */
static const char *
ign_todelim(register const char *input, const char *delim, size_t delim_len, size_t *newlines)
{
    size_t i;
    register const char *a, *b;

    (*newlines) = 0;
    for ( ; *input; ++input) {
        if (*input != *delim) {
            if (*input == '\n') {
                ++(*newlines);
            }
            continue;
        }
        a = input;
        b = delim;
        for (i = 0; i < delim_len; ++i) {
            if (*a++ != *b++) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i == delim_len) {
            return input;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

/**
 * Store UTF-8 character specified as 4byte integer into the dst buffer.
 * Returns number of written bytes (4 max), expects that dst has enough space.
 *
 * UTF-8 mapping:
 * 00000000 -- 0000007F:    0xxxxxxx
 * 00000080 -- 000007FF:    110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
 * 00000800 -- 0000FFFF:    1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
 * 00010000 -- 001FFFFF:    11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
 *
 * Includes checking for valid characters (following RFC 7950, sec 9.4)
 */
static LY_ERR
lyxml_pututf8(char *dst, uint32_t value, size_t *bytes_written)
{
    if (value < 0x80) {
        /* one byte character */
        if (value < 0x20 &&
                value != 0x09 &&
                value != 0x0a &&
                value != 0x0d) {
            return LY_EINVAL;
        }

        dst[0] = value;
        (*bytes_written) = 1;
    } else if (value < 0x800) {
        /* two bytes character */
        dst[0] = 0xc0 | (value >> 6);
        dst[1] = 0x80 | (value & 0x3f);
        (*bytes_written) = 2;
    } else if (value < 0xfffe) {
        /* three bytes character */
        if (((value & 0xf800) == 0xd800) ||
                (value >= 0xfdd0 && value <= 0xfdef)) {
            /* exclude surrogate blocks %xD800-DFFF */
            /* exclude noncharacters %xFDD0-FDEF */
            return LY_EINVAL;
        }

        dst[0] = 0xe0 | (value >> 12);
        dst[1] = 0x80 | ((value >> 6) & 0x3f);
        dst[2] = 0x80 | (value & 0x3f);

        (*bytes_written) = 3;
    } else if (value < 0x10fffe) {
        if ((value & 0xffe) == 0xffe) {
            /* exclude noncharacters %xFFFE-FFFF, %x1FFFE-1FFFF, %x2FFFE-2FFFF, %x3FFFE-3FFFF, %x4FFFE-4FFFF,
             * %x5FFFE-5FFFF, %x6FFFE-6FFFF, %x7FFFE-7FFFF, %x8FFFE-8FFFF, %x9FFFE-9FFFF, %xAFFFE-AFFFF,
             * %xBFFFE-BFFFF, %xCFFFE-CFFFF, %xDFFFE-DFFFF, %xEFFFE-EFFFF, %xFFFFE-FFFFF, %x10FFFE-10FFFF */
            return LY_EINVAL;
        }
        /* four bytes character */
        dst[0] = 0xf0 | (value >> 18);
        dst[1] = 0x80 | ((value >> 12) & 0x3f);
        dst[2] = 0x80 | ((value >> 6) & 0x3f);
        dst[3] = 0x80 | (value & 0x3f);

        (*bytes_written) = 4;
    }
    return LY_SUCCESS;
}

/**
 * @brief Check/Get an XML qualified name from the input string.
 *
 * The identifier must have at least one valid character complying the name start character constraints.
 * The identifier is terminated by the first character, which does not comply to the name character constraints.
 *
 * See https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names/#NT-NCName
 *
 * @param[in] context XML context to track lines or store errors into libyang context.
 * @param[in,out] input Input string to process, updated according to the processed/read data.
 * Note that the term_char is also read, so input points after the term_char at the end.
 * @param[out] term_char The first character in the input string which does not compy to the name constraints.
 * @param[out] term_char_len Number of bytes used to encode UTF8 term_char. Serves to be able to go back in input string.
 * @return LY_ERR value.
 */
static LY_ERR
lyxml_check_qname(struct lyxml_context *context, const char **input, unsigned int *term_char, size_t *term_char_len)
{
    unsigned int c;
    const char *id = (*input);
    LY_ERR rc;

    /* check NameStartChar (minus colon) */
    LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(ly_getutf8(input, &c, NULL) != LY_SUCCESS,
                     LOGVAL(context->ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_INCHAR, (*input)[0]), LY_EVALID);
    LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!is_xmlqnamestartchar(c),
                     LOGVAL(context->ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX,
                            "Identifier \"%s\" starts with invalid character.", id),
                     LY_EVALID);

    /* check rest of the identifier */
    for (rc = ly_getutf8(input, &c, term_char_len);
         rc == LY_SUCCESS && is_xmlqnamechar(c);
         rc = ly_getutf8(input, &c, term_char_len));
    LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(rc != LY_SUCCESS, LOGVAL(context->ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_INCHAR, (*input)[0]), LY_EVALID);

    (*term_char) = c;
    return LY_SUCCESS;
}

/**
 * @brief Add namespace definition into XML context.
 *
 * Namespaces from a single element are supposed to be added sequentially together (not interleaved by a namespace from other
 * element). This mimic namespace visibility, since the namespace defined in element E is not visible from its parents or
 * siblings. On the other hand, namespace from a parent element can be redefined in a child element. This is also reflected
 * by lyxml_ns_get() which returns the most recent namespace definition for the given prefix.
 *
 * When leaving processing of a subtree of some element (after it is removed from context->elements), caller is supposed to call
 * lyxml_ns_rm() to remove all the namespaces defined in such an element from the context.
 *
 * @param[in] context XML context to work with.
 * @param[in] prefix Pointer to the namespace prefix as taken from lyxml_get_attribute(). Can be NULL for default namespace.
 * @param[in] prefix_len Length of the prefix string (since it is not NULL-terminated when returned from lyxml_get_attribute()).
 * @param[in] uri Namespace URI (value) to store. Value can be obtained via lyxml_get_string() and caller is not supposed to
 * work with the pointer when the function succeeds. In case of error the value is freed.
 * @return LY_ERR values.
 */
LY_ERR
lyxml_ns_add(struct lyxml_context *context, const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len, char *uri)
{
    struct lyxml_ns *ns;

    ns = malloc(sizeof *ns);
    LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!ns, LOGMEM(context->ctx), LY_EMEM);

    /* we need to connect the depth of the element where the namespace is defined with the
     * namespace record to be able to maintain (remove) the record when the parser leaves
     * (to its sibling or back to the parent) the element where the namespace was defined */
    ns->depth = context->elements.count;

    ns->uri = uri;
    if (prefix) {
        ns->prefix = strndup(prefix, prefix_len);
        LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!ns->prefix, LOGMEM(context->ctx); free(ns->uri); free(ns), LY_EMEM);
    } else {
        ns->prefix = NULL;
    }

    LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(ly_set_add(&context->ns, ns, LY_SET_OPT_USEASLIST) == -1,
                     free(ns->prefix); free(ns->uri); free(ns), LY_EMEM);
    return LY_SUCCESS;
}

/**
 * @brief Remove all the namespaces defined in the element recently closed (removed from the context->elements).
 *
 * @param[in] context XML context to work with.
 */
void
lyxml_ns_rm(struct lyxml_context *context)
{
    unsigned int u;

    for (u = context->ns.count - 1; u + 1 > 0; --u) {
        if (((struct lyxml_ns *)context->ns.objs[u])->depth != context->elements.count + 1) {
            /* we are done, the namespaces from a single element are supposed to be together */
            break;
        }
        /* remove the ns structure */
        free(((struct lyxml_ns *)context->ns.objs[u])->prefix);
        free(((struct lyxml_ns *)context->ns.objs[u])->uri);
        free(context->ns.objs[u]);
        --context->ns.count;
    }

    if (!context->ns.count) {
        /* cleanup the context's namespaces storage */
        ly_set_erase(&context->ns, NULL);
    }
}

const struct lyxml_ns *
lyxml_ns_get(struct lyxml_context *context, const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len)
{
    unsigned int u;
    struct lyxml_ns *ns;

    for (u = context->ns.count - 1; u + 1 > 0; --u) {
        ns = (struct lyxml_ns *)context->ns.objs[u];
        if (prefix && prefix_len) {
            if (!strncmp(prefix, ns->prefix, prefix_len) && ns->prefix[prefix_len] == '\0') {
                return ns;
            }
        } else if (!ns->prefix) {
            /* default namespace */
            return ns;
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

static LY_ERR
lyxml_parse_element_start(struct lyxml_context *context, const char **input, int *closing)
{
    struct ly_ctx *ctx = context->ctx; /* shortcut */
    const char *in = (*input);
    const char *endtag;
    const char *sectname;
    size_t endtag_len, newlines;

    while (1) {
        ign_xmlws(context, in);

        if (in[0] == '\0') {
            /* EOF */
            context->status = LYXML_END;
            (*input) = in;
            return LY_SUCCESS;
        } else if (in[0] != '<') {
            return LY_EINVAL;
        }
        move_input(context, in, 1);

        if (in[0] == '!') {
            move_input(context, in, 1);
            /* sections to ignore */
            if (!strncmp(in, "--", 2)) {
                /* comment */
                move_input(context, in, 2);
                sectname = "Comment";
                endtag = "-->";
                endtag_len = 3;
            } else if (!strncmp(in, "[CDATA[", 7)) {
                /* CDATA section */
                move_input(context, in, 7);
                sectname = "CData";
                endtag = "]]>";
                endtag_len = 3;
            } else if (!strncmp(in, "DOCTYPE", 7)) {
                /* Document type declaration - not supported */
                LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_NSUPP, "Document Type Declaration");
                return LY_EVALID;
            } else {
                LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX, "Unknown XML section \"%.20s\".", &in[-2]);
                return LY_EVALID;
            }
            in = ign_todelim(in, endtag, endtag_len, &newlines);
            LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!in, LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_NTERM, sectname), LY_EVALID);
            context->line += newlines;
            in += endtag_len;
        } else if (in[0] == '?') {
            in = ign_todelim(in, "?>", 2, &newlines);
            LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!in, LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_NTERM, "Declaration"), LY_EVALID);
            context->line += newlines;
            in += 2;
        } else if (in[0] == '/') {
            /* closing element tag */
            *closing = 1;
            ++in;
            goto element;
        } else {
            /* opening element tag */
            *closing = 0;
element:
            ign_xmlws(context, in);
            LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!in[0], LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_EOF), LY_EVALID);

            (*input) = in;
            return LY_SUCCESS;
        }
    }
}

static LY_ERR
lyxml_parse_element_name(struct lyxml_context *context, const char **input, size_t *endtag_len, unsigned int *term_char,
                         const char **prefix, size_t *prefix_len, const char **name, size_t *name_len)
{
    LY_ERR rc;
    const char *in = (*input);
    const char *id;
    const char *endtag;

    id = in;
    rc = lyxml_check_qname(context, &in, term_char, endtag_len);
    LY_CHECK_RET(rc);
    if (*term_char == ':') {
        /* we have prefixed identifier */
        endtag = in - *endtag_len;

        rc = lyxml_check_qname(context, &in, term_char, endtag_len);
        LY_CHECK_RET(rc);

        (*prefix) = id;
        (*prefix_len) = endtag - id;
        id = endtag + 1;
    }
    if (!is_xmlws(*term_char) && *term_char != '/' && *term_char != '>') {
        (*input) = in - *endtag_len;
        LOGVAL(context->ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_INSTREXP, LY_VCODE_INSTREXP_len(*input), *input,
               "whitespace or element tag termination ('>' or '/>'");
        return LY_EVALID;
    }
    (*name) = id;
    (*name_len) = in - *endtag_len - id;

    if (is_xmlws(*term_char)) {
        /* go to the next meaningful input */
        ign_xmlws(context, in);
        LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!in[0], LOGVAL(context->ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_EOF), LY_EVALID);
        *term_char = in[0];
        ++in;
        *endtag_len = 1;
    }

    (*input) = in;
    return LY_SUCCESS;
}

LY_ERR
lyxml_get_element(struct lyxml_context *context, const char **input,
                  const char **prefix, size_t *prefix_len, const char **name, size_t *name_len)
{
    struct ly_ctx *ctx = context->ctx; /* shortcut */
    const char *in = (*input);
    size_t endtag_len;
    bool loop = true;
    int closing = 0;
    unsigned int c;
    LY_ERR rc;
    struct lyxml_elem *e;

    /* initialize output variables */
    (*prefix) = (*name) = NULL;
    (*prefix_len) = (*name_len) = 0;

    while (loop) {
        rc = lyxml_parse_element_start(context, &in, &closing);
        if (rc) {
            return rc;
        } else if (context->status == LYXML_END) {
            goto success;
        }
        /* we are at the begining of the element name, remember the identifier start before checking its format */
        LY_CHECK_RET(rc = lyxml_parse_element_name(context, &in, &endtag_len, &c, prefix, prefix_len, name, name_len));

        if (closing) {
            /* match opening and closing element tags */
            LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(
                    !context->elements.count,
                    LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX, "Opening and closing elements tag missmatch (\"%.*s\").", *name_len, *name),
                    LY_EVALID);
            e = (struct lyxml_elem*)context->elements.objs[context->elements.count - 1];
            LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(e->prefix_len != *prefix_len || e->name_len != *name_len
                             || (*prefix_len && strncmp(*prefix, e->prefix, e->prefix_len)) || strncmp(*name, e->name, e->name_len),
                             LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX, "Opening and closing elements tag missmatch (\"%.*s\").", *name_len, *name),
                             LY_EVALID);
            /* opening and closing element tags matches, remove record from the opening tags list */
            free(e);
            --context->elements.count;

            /* remove also the namespaces conneted with the element */
            lyxml_ns_rm(context);

            /* do not return element information to announce closing element being currently processed */
            *name = *prefix = NULL;
            *name_len = *prefix_len = 0;

            if (c == '>') {
                /* end of closing element */
                context->status = LYXML_ELEMENT;
            } else {
                in -= endtag_len;
                LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX, "Unexpected data \"%.*s\" in closing element tag.",
                       LY_VCODE_INSTREXP_len(in), in);
                return LY_EVALID;
            }
        } else {
            if (c == '>') {
                /* end of opening element */
                context->status = LYXML_ELEM_CONTENT;
            } else if (c == '/' && in[0] == '>') {
                /* empty element closing */
                context->status = LYXML_ELEMENT;
                ++in;
            } else {
                /* attribute */
                context->status = LYXML_ATTRIBUTE;
                in -= endtag_len;
            }

            if (context->status != LYXML_ELEMENT) {
                /* store element opening tag information */
                e = malloc(sizeof *e);
                LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!e, LOGMEM(ctx), LY_EMEM);
                e->name = *name;
                e->prefix = *prefix;
                e->name_len = *name_len;
                e->prefix_len = *prefix_len;
                ly_set_add(&context->elements, e, LY_SET_OPT_USEASLIST);
            }
        }
        loop = false;
    }

success:
    /* move caller's input */
    (*input) = in;
    return LY_SUCCESS;
}

LY_ERR
lyxml_get_string(struct lyxml_context *context, const char **input, char **buffer, size_t *buffer_size, char **output, size_t *length, int *dynamic)
{
#define BUFSIZE 4096
#define BUFSIZE_STEP 4096
#define BUFSIZE_CHECK(CTX, BUF, SIZE, CURR, NEED) \
    if (CURR+NEED >= SIZE) { \
        BUF = ly_realloc(BUF, SIZE + BUFSIZE_STEP); \
        LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!BUF, LOGMEM(CTX), LY_EMEM); \
        SIZE += BUFSIZE_STEP; \
    }

    struct ly_ctx *ctx = context->ctx; /* shortcut */
    const char *in = (*input), *start;
    char *buf = NULL, delim;
    size_t offset;  /* read offset in input buffer */
    size_t len;     /* length of the output string (write offset in output buffer) */
    size_t size;    /* size of the output buffer */
    void *p;
    uint32_t n;
    size_t u, newlines;
    bool empty_content = false;
    LY_ERR rc = LY_SUCCESS;

    assert(context);
    assert(context->status == LYXML_ELEM_CONTENT || context->status == LYXML_ATTR_CONTENT);

    if (in[0] == '\'') {
        delim = '\'';
        ++in;
    } else if (in[0] == '"') {
        delim = '"';
        ++in;
    } else {
        delim = '<';
        empty_content = true;
    }
    start = in;

    if (empty_content) {
        /* only when processing element's content - try to ignore whitespaces used to format XML data
         * before element's child or closing tag */
        for (offset = newlines = 0; in[offset] && is_xmlws(in[offset]); ++offset) {
            if (in[offset] == '\n') {
                ++newlines;
            }
        }
        LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!in[offset], LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_EOF), LY_EVALID);
        context->line += newlines;
        if (in[offset] == '<') {
            const char *name, *prefix;
            size_t name_len, prefix_len;

            (*input) = in + offset;

            /* get know if it is child element (indentation) or closing element (whitespace-only content) */
            in = *input;
            rc = lyxml_get_element(context, &in, &prefix, &prefix_len, &name, &name_len);
            if (name) {
                /* the element here is not closing element, so we have the just indentation formatting before the child */
                free(context->elements.objs[--context->elements.count]);
                context->status -= 1; /* LYXML_ELEMENT */
                return LY_EINVAL;
            } else if (rc) {
                /* some parsing error, so pass it */
                (*input) = in;
                goto error;
            } else {
                /* whitespace-only content */
                len = offset;
                context->status++;
                goto success;
            }
        }
    }
    /* init */
    offset = len = 0;

    if (0) {
getbuffer:
        /* prepare output buffer */
        if (*buffer) {
            buf = *buffer;
            size = *buffer_size;
        } else {
            buf = malloc(BUFSIZE);
            size = BUFSIZE;
            LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!buf, LOGMEM(ctx), LY_EMEM);
        }
    }

    /* parse */
    while (in[offset]) {
        if (in[offset] == '&') {
            if (!buf) {
                /* it is necessary to modify the input, so we will need a dynamically allocated buffer */
                goto getbuffer;
            }

            if (offset) {
                /* store what we have so far */
                BUFSIZE_CHECK(ctx, buf, size, len, offset);
                memcpy(&buf[len], in, offset);
                len += offset;
                in += offset;
                offset = 0;
            }
            /* process reference */
            /* we will need 4 bytes at most since we support only the predefined
             * (one-char) entities and character references */
            BUFSIZE_CHECK(ctx, buf, size, len, 4);
            ++offset;
            if (in[offset] != '#') {
                /* entity reference - only predefined references are supported */
                if (!strncmp(&in[offset], "lt;", 3)) {
                    buf[len++] = '<';
                    in += 4; /* &lt; */
                } else if (!strncmp(&in[offset], "gt;", 3)) {
                    buf[len++] = '>';
                    in += 4; /* &gt; */
                } else if (!strncmp(&in[offset], "amp;", 4)) {
                    buf[len++] = '&';
                    in += 5; /* &amp; */
                } else if (!strncmp(&in[offset], "apos;", 5)) {
                    buf[len++] = '\'';
                    in += 6; /* &apos; */
                } else if (!strncmp(&in[offset], "quot;", 5)) {
                    buf[len++] = '\"';
                    in += 6; /* &quot; */
                } else {
                    LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX,
                           "Entity reference \"%.*s\" not supported, only predefined references allowed.", 10, &in[offset-1]);
                    goto error;
                }
                offset = 0;
            } else {
                p = (void*)&in[offset - 1];
                /* character reference */
                ++offset;
                if (isdigit(in[offset])) {
                    for (n = 0; isdigit(in[offset]); offset++) {
                        n = (10 * n) + (in[offset] - '0');
                    }
                } else if (in[offset] == 'x' && isxdigit(in[offset + 1])) {
                    for (n = 0, ++offset; isxdigit(in[offset]); offset++) {
                        if (isdigit(in[offset])) {
                            u = (in[offset] - '0');
                        } else if (in[offset] > 'F') {
                            u = 10 + (in[offset] - 'a');
                        } else {
                            u = 10 + (in[offset] - 'A');
                        }
                        n = (16 * n) + u;
                    }
                } else {
                    LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX, "Invalid character reference \"%.*s\".", 12, p);
                    goto error;

                }
                LY_CHECK_ERR_GOTO(in[offset] != ';',
                                  LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_INSTREXP,
                                         LY_VCODE_INSTREXP_len(&in[offset]), &in[offset], ";"),
                                  error);
                ++offset;
                rc = lyxml_pututf8(&buf[len], n, &u);
                LY_CHECK_ERR_GOTO(rc, LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX,
                                             "Invalid character reference \"%.*s\" (0x%08x).", 12, p, n),
                                  error);
                len += u;
                in += offset;
                offset = 0;
            }
        } else if (in[offset] == delim) {
            /* end of string */
            if (buf) {
                if (len + offset >= size) {
                    buf = ly_realloc(buf, len + offset + 1);
                    LY_CHECK_ERR_RET(!buf, LOGMEM(ctx), LY_EMEM);
                    size = len + offset + 1;
                }
                memcpy(&buf[len], in, offset);
            }
            len += offset;
            /* in case of element content, keep the leading <,
             * for attribute's value move after the terminating quotation mark */
            if (context->status == LYXML_ELEM_CONTENT) {
                const char *name = NULL, *prefix = NULL;
                size_t name_len = 0, prefix_len = 0;
                int closing = 0;
                /* use fake context to preserve real context (lines, status) since we don't want really parse the element tag here */
                struct lyxml_context fakecontext = {.ctx = context->ctx, .line = context->line, .status = context->status};

                in += offset;

                /* get know if it is child element (mixed content) or closing element (regular content) */
                /* We don't want actually to parse the closing element, we just need to check mixed content.
                 * The closing element tag is preserved to keep the context for the data (returned string),
                 * since it can contain data using XML prefixes defined in this element and the caller can
                 * want to work with it */
                (*input) = in;
                rc = lyxml_parse_element_start(&fakecontext, &in, &closing);
                if (rc) {
                    /* some parsing error */
                    goto error;
                } else {
                    size_t endtag_len;
                    unsigned int c;
                    struct lyxml_elem *e;

                    LY_CHECK_GOTO(lyxml_parse_element_name(&fakecontext, &in, &endtag_len, &c, &prefix, &prefix_len, &name, &name_len), error);

                    if (!closing) {
                        /* the element here is not closing element, so we have not allowed mixed content */
                        struct lyxml_elem *e = (struct lyxml_elem*)context->elements.objs[--context->elements.count];
                        LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LYVE_SYNTAX, "Mixed XML content is not allowed (%.*s).",
                               offset + (in - (*input)), &(*input)[-offset]);
                        free(e);
                        goto error;
                    }

                    /* closing element start - check the name if it matches the opening element tag */
                    LY_CHECK_ERR_GOTO(!context->elements.count,
                            LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &fakecontext.line, LYVE_SYNTAX, "Opening and closing elements tag missmatch (\"%.*s\").",
                                   name_len, name),
                            error);
                    e = (struct lyxml_elem*)context->elements.objs[context->elements.count - 1];
                    LY_CHECK_ERR_GOTO(e->prefix_len != prefix_len || e->name_len != name_len
                                      || (prefix_len && strncmp(prefix, e->prefix, e->prefix_len)) || strncmp(name, e->name, e->name_len),
                            free(e); LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &fakecontext.line, LYVE_SYNTAX,
                                            "Opening and closing elements tag missmatch (\"%.*s\").", name_len, name),
                            error);
                    /* opening and closing element tags matches */
                    /* return input back */
                    in = (*input);
                }
            } else {
                in += offset + 1;
            }
            goto success;
        } else {
            /* log lines */
            if (in[offset] == '\n') {
                ++context->line;
            }

            /* continue */
            ++offset;
        }
    }
    LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_EOF);
error:
    if (!(*buffer)) {
        /* buffer not provided, buf is local */
        free(buf);
    } else if (buf) {
        /* buf is shared with caller via buffer, but buf could be reallocated, so update the provided buffer */
        (*buffer) = buf;
        (*buffer_size) = size;
    }
    return LY_EVALID;

success:
    if (buf) {
        if (!(*buffer) && size != len + 1) {
            /* not using provided buffer, so fit the allocated buffer to what we really have inside */
            p = realloc(buf, len + 1);
            /* ignore realloc fail because we are reducing the buffer,
             * so just return bigger buffer than needed */
            if (p) {
                size = len + 1;
                buf = p;
            }
        }
        /* set terminating NULL byte */
        buf[len] = '\0';
    }

    context->status -= 1;
    if (buf) {
        (*buffer) = buf;
        (*buffer_size) = size;
        (*output) = buf;
        (*dynamic) = 1;
    } else {
        (*output) = (char*)start;
        (*dynamic) = 0;
    }
    (*length) = len;

    if (context->status == LYXML_ATTRIBUTE) {
        if (in[0] == '>') {
            /* element terminated by > - termination of the opening tag */
            context->status = LYXML_ELEM_CONTENT;
            ++in;
        } else if (in[0] == '/' && in[1] == '>') {
            /* element terminated by /> - termination of an empty element */
            context->status = LYXML_ELEMENT;
            in += 2;

            /* remove the closed element record from the tags list */
            free(context->elements.objs[context->elements.count - 1]);
            --context->elements.count;

            /* remove also the namespaces conneted with the element */
            lyxml_ns_rm(context);
        }
    }

    (*input) = in;
    return rc;

#undef BUFSIZE
#undef BUFSIZE_STEP
#undef BUFSIZE_CHECK
}

LY_ERR
lyxml_get_attribute(struct lyxml_context *context, const char **input,
                    const char **prefix, size_t *prefix_len, const char **name, size_t *name_len)
{
    struct ly_ctx *ctx = context->ctx; /* shortcut */
    const char *in = (*input);
    const char *id;
    const char *endtag;
    LY_ERR rc;
    unsigned int c;
    size_t endtag_len;
    int is_ns = 0;
    const char *ns_prefix = NULL;
    size_t ns_prefix_len = 0;

start:
    /* initialize output variables */
    (*prefix) = (*name) = NULL;
    (*prefix_len) = (*name_len) = 0;

    /* skip initial whitespaces */
    ign_xmlws(context, in);

    if (in[0] == '\0') {
        /* EOF - not expected at this place */
        return LY_EINVAL;
    }

    /* remember the identifier start before checking its format */
    id = in;
    rc = lyxml_check_qname(context, &in, &c, &endtag_len);
    LY_CHECK_RET(rc);
    if (c == ':') {
        /* we have prefixed identifier */
        endtag = in - endtag_len;

        rc = lyxml_check_qname(context, &in, &c, &endtag_len);
        LY_CHECK_RET(rc);

        (*prefix) = id;
        (*prefix_len) = endtag - id;
        id = endtag + 1;
    }
    if (!is_xmlws(c) && c != '=') {
        in = in - endtag_len;
        LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_INSTREXP, LY_VCODE_INSTREXP_len(in), in, "whitespace or '='");
        return LY_EVALID;
    }
    in = in - endtag_len;
    (*name) = id;
    (*name_len) = in - id;

    /* eat '=' and stop at the value beginning */
    ign_xmlws(context, in);
    if (in[0] != '=') {
        LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_INSTREXP, LY_VCODE_INSTREXP_len(in), in, "'='");
        return LY_EVALID;
    }
    ++in;
    ign_xmlws(context, in);
    if (in[0] != '\'' && in[0] != '"') {
        LOGVAL(ctx, LY_VLOG_LINE, &context->line, LY_VCODE_INSTREXP,
               LY_VCODE_INSTREXP_len(in), in, "either single or double quotation mark");
        return LY_EVALID;
    }
    context->status = LYXML_ATTR_CONTENT;

    is_ns = 0;
    if (*prefix && *prefix_len == 5 && !strncmp(*prefix, "xmlns", 5)) {
        is_ns = 1;
        ns_prefix = *name;
        ns_prefix_len = *name_len;
    } else if (*name_len == 5 && !strncmp(*name, "xmlns", 5)) {
        is_ns = 1;
    }
    if (is_ns) {
        /* instead of attribute, we have namespace specification,
         * so process it automatically and then move to another attribute (if any) */
        char *value = NULL;
        size_t value_len = 0;
        int dynamic = 0;

        LY_CHECK_RET(lyxml_get_string(context, &in, &value, &value_len, &value, &value_len, &dynamic));
        if ((rc = lyxml_ns_add(context, ns_prefix, ns_prefix_len, dynamic ? value : strndup(value, value_len)))) {
            if (dynamic) {
                free(value);
                return rc;
            }
        }
        if (context->status == LYXML_ATTRIBUTE) {
            goto start;
        } else {
            (*prefix) = (*name) = NULL;
            (*prefix_len) = (*name_len) = 0;
        }
    }

    /* move caller's input */
    (*input) = in;
    return LY_SUCCESS;
}

void
lyxml_context_clear(struct lyxml_context *context)
{
    unsigned int u;

    ly_set_erase(&context->elements, free);
    for (u = context->ns.count - 1; u + 1 > 0; --u) {
        /* remove the ns structure */
        free(((struct lyxml_ns *)context->ns.objs[u])->prefix);
        free(((struct lyxml_ns *)context->ns.objs[u])->uri);
        free(context->ns.objs[u]);
    }
    ly_set_erase(&context->ns, NULL);
}

LY_ERR
lyxml_dump_text(struct lyout *out, const char *text, int attribute)
{
    LY_ERR ret = LY_SUCCESS;
    unsigned int u;

    if (!text) {
        return 0;
    }

    for (u = 0; text[u]; u++) {
        switch (text[u]) {
        case '&':
            ret = ly_print(out, "&amp;");
            break;
        case '<':
            ret = ly_print(out, "&lt;");
            break;
        case '>':
            /* not needed, just for readability */
            ret = ly_print(out, "&gt;");
            break;
        case '"':
            if (attribute) {
                ret = ly_print(out, "&quot;");
                break;
            }
            /* falls through */
        default:
            ly_write(out, &text[u], 1);
        }
    }

    return ret;
}