doc/source/zuul.rst

:title: Zuul

Zuul
====

Configuration
-------------

Zuul has three configuration files:

**zuul.conf**
  Credentials for Gerrit and Jenkins, locations of the other config files
**layout.yaml**
  Project and pipeline configuration -- what Zuul does
**logging.conf**
    Python logging config

Examples of each of the three files can be found in the etc/ directory
of the source distribution.

zuul.conf
~~~~~~~~~

Zuul will look for ``/etc/zuul/zuul.conf`` or ``~/zuul.conf`` to
bootstrap its configuration.  Alternately, you may specify ``-c
/path/to/zuul.conf`` on the command line.

Gerrit and Jenkins credentials are each described in a section of
zuul.conf.  The location of the other two configuration files (as well
as the location of the PID file when running Zuul as a server) are
specified in a third section.

The three sections of this config and their options are documented below.
You can also find an example zuul.conf file in the git
`repository
<https://github.com/openstack-ci/zuul/blob/master/etc/zuul.conf-sample>`_

jenkins
"""""""

**server**
  URL for the root of the Jenkins HTTP server.
  ``server=https://jenkins.example.com``

**user**
  User to authenticate against Jenkins with.
  ``user=jenkins``

**apikey**
  Jenkins API Key credentials for the above user.
  ``apikey=1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef``

gerrit
""""""

**server**
  FQDN of Gerrit server.
  ``server=review.example.com``

**user**
  User name to use when logging into above server via ssh.
  ``user=jenkins``

**sshkey**
  Path to SSH key to use when logging into above server.
  ``sshkey=/home/jenkins/.ssh/id_rsa``

zuul
""""

**layout_config**
  Path to layout config file.
  ``layout_config=/etc/zuul/layout.yaml``

**log_config**
  Path to log config file.
  ``log_config=/etc/zuul/logging.yaml``

**pidfile**
  Path to PID lock file.
  ``pidfile=/var/run/zuul/zuul.pid``

**state_dir**
  Path to directory that Zuul should save state to.
  ``state_dir=/var/lib/zuul``

**git_dir**
  Directory that Zuul should clone local git repositories to.
  ``git_dir=/var/lib/zuul/git``

**push_change_refs**
  Boolean value (``true`` or ``false``) that determines if Zuul should
  push change refs to the git origin server for the git repositories in
  git_dir.
  ``push_change_refs=true``

**status_url**
  URL that will be posted in Zuul comments made to Gerrit changes when
  beginning Jenkins jobs for a change.
  ``status_url=https://jenkins.example.com/zuul/status``

**url_pattern**
  If you are storing build logs external to Jenkins and wish to link to
  those logs when Zuul makes comments on Gerrit changes for completed
  jobs this setting configures what the URLs for those links should be.
  ``http://logs.example.com/{change.number}/{change.patchset}/{pipeline.name}/{job.name}/{build.number}``

layout.yaml
~~~~~~~~~~~

This is the main configuration file for Zuul, where all of the pipelines
and projects are defined, what tests should be run, and what actions
Zuul should perform.  There are three sections: pipelines, jobs, and
projects.

.. _includes:

Includes
""""""""

Custom functions to be used in Zuul's configuration may be provided
using the ``includes`` directive.  It accepts a list of files to
include, and currently supports one type of inclusion, a python file::

  includes:
    - python-file: local_functions.py

**python-file**
  The path to a python file.  The file will be loaded and objects that
  it defines will be placed in a special environment which can be
  referenced in the Zuul configuration.  Currently only the
  parameter-function attribute of a Job uses this feature.

Pipelines
"""""""""

Zuul can have any number of independent pipelines.  Whenever a matching
Gerrit event is found for a pipeline, that event is added to the
pipeline, and the jobs specified for that pipeline are run.  When all
jobs specified for the pipeline that were triggered by an event are
completed, Zuul reports back to Gerrit the results.

There are no pre-defined pipelines in Zuul, rather you can define
whatever pipelines you need in the layout file.  This is a very flexible
system that can accommodate many kinds of workflows.

Here is a quick example of a pipeline definition followed by an
explanation of each of the parameters::

  - name: check
    manager: IndependentPipelineManager
    trigger:
      - event: patchset-created
    success:
      verified: 1
    failure:
      verified: -1

**name**
  This is used later in the project definition to indicate what jobs
  should be run for events in the pipeline.

**manager**
  There are currently two schemes for managing pipelines:

  *IndependentPipelineManager*
    Every event in this pipeline should be treated as independent of
    other events in the pipeline.  This is appropriate when the order of
    events in the pipeline doesn't matter because the results of the
    actions this pipeline performs can not affect other events in the
    pipeline.  For example, when a change is first uploaded for review,
    you may want to run tests on that change to provide early feedback
    to reviewers.  At the end of the tests, the change is not going to
    be merged, so it is safe to run these tests in parallel without
    regard to any other changes in the pipeline.  They are independent.

    Another type of pipeline that is independent is a post-merge
    pipeline. In that case, the changes have already merged, so the
    results can not affect any other events in the pipeline.

  *DependentPipelineManager*
    The dependent pipeline manager is designed for gating.  It ensures
    that every change is tested exactly as it is going to be merged
    into the repository.  An ideal gating system would test one change
    at a time, applied to the tip of the repository, and only if that
    change passed tests would it be merged.  Then the next change in
    line would be tested the same way.  In order to achieve parallel
    testing of changes, the dependent pipeline manager performs
    speculative execution on changes.  It orders changes based on
    their entry into the pipeline.  It begins testing all changes in
    parallel, assuming that each change ahead in the pipeline will pass
    its tests.  If they all succeed, all the changes can be tested and
    merged in parallel.  If a change near the front of the pipeline
    fails its tests, each change behind it ignores whatever tests have
    been completed and are tested again without the change in front.
    This way gate tests may run in parallel but still be tested
    correctly, exactly as they will appear in the repository when
    merged.

    One important characteristic of the DependentPipelineManager is that
    it analyzes the jobs that are triggered by different projects, and
    if those projects have jobs in common, it treats those projects as
    related, and they share a single virtual queue of changes.  Thus,
    if there is a job that performs integration testing on two
    projects, those two projects will automatically share a virtual
    change queue.  If a third project does not invoke that job, it
    will be part of a separate virtual change queue, and changes to
    it will not depend on changes to the first two jobs.

    For more detail on the theory and operation of Zuul's
    DependentPipelineManager, see: :doc:`gating`.

**trigger**
  This describes what Gerrit events should be placed in the pipeline.
  Triggers are not exclusive -- matching events may be placed in
  multiple pipelines, and they will behave independently in each of the
  pipelines they match.  Multiple triggers may be listed.  Further
  parameters describe the kind of events that match:

  *event*
  The event name from gerrit.  Examples: ``patchset-created``,
  ``comment-added``, ``ref-updated``.  This field is treated as a
  regular expression.

  *branch*
  The branch associated with the event.  Example: ``master``.  This
  field is treated as a regular expression, and multiple branches may
  be listed.

  *ref*
  On ref-updated events, the branch parameter is not used, instead the
  ref is provided.  Currently Gerrit has the somewhat idiosyncratic
  behavior of specifying bare refs for branch names (e.g., ``master``),
  but full ref names for other kinds of refs (e.g., ``refs/tags/foo``).
  Zuul matches what you put here exactly against what Gerrit
  provides.  This field is treated as a regular expression, and
  multiple refs may be listed.

  *approval*
  This is only used for ``comment-added`` events.  It only matches if
  the event has a matching approval associated with it.  Example:
  ``code-review: 2`` matches a ``+2`` vote on the code review category.
  Multiple approvals may be listed.

  *comment_filter*
  This is only used for ``comment-added`` events.  It accepts a list of
  regexes that are searched for in the comment string. If any of these
  regexes matches a portion of the comment string the trigger is
  matched. ``comment_filter: retrigger`` will match when comments
  containing 'retrigger' somewhere in the comment text are added to a
  change.

**success**
  Describes what Zuul should do if all the jobs complete successfully.
  This section is optional; if it is omitted, Zuul will run jobs and
  do nothing on success; it will not even report a message to Gerrit.
  If the section is present, it will leave a message on the Gerrit
  review.  Each additional argument is assumed to be an argument to
  ``gerrit review``, with the boolean value of ``true`` simply
  indicating that the argument should be present without following it
  with a value.  For example, ``verified: 1`` becomes ``gerrit
  review --verified 1`` and ``submit: true`` becomes ``gerrit review
  --submit``.

**failure** 
  Uses the same syntax as **success**, but describes what Zuul should
  do if at least one job fails.

**start** 
  Uses the same syntax as **success**, but describes what Zuul should
  do when a change is added to the pipeline manager.  This can be used,
  for example, to reset the value of the Verified review category.
  
Some example pipeline configurations are included in the sample layout
file.  The first is called a *check* pipeline::

  - name: check
    manager: IndependentPipelineManager
    trigger:
      - event: patchset-created
    success:
      verified: 1
    failure:
      verified: -1

This will trigger jobs each time a new patchset (or change) is
uploaded to Gerrit, and report +/-1 values to Gerrit in the
``verified`` review category. ::

  - name: gate
    manager: DependentPipelineManager
    trigger:
      - event: comment-added
        approval:
          - approved: 1
    success:
      verified: 2
      submit: true
    failure:
      verified: -2

This will trigger jobs whenever a reviewer leaves a vote of ``1`` in the
``approved`` review category in Gerrit (a non-standard category).
Changes will be tested in such a way as to guarantee that they will be
merged exactly as tested, though that will happen in parallel by
creating a virtual queue of dependent changes and performing
speculative execution of jobs. ::

  - name: post
    manager: IndependentPipelineManager
    trigger:
      - event: ref-updated
        ref: ^(?!refs/).*$

This will trigger jobs whenever a change is merged to a named branch
(e.g., ``master``).  No output will be reported to Gerrit.  This is
useful for side effects such as creating per-commit tarballs. ::

  - name: silent
    manager: IndependentPipelineManager
    trigger:
      - event: patchset-created

This also triggers jobs when changes are uploaded to Gerrit, but no
results are reported to Gerrit.  This is useful for jobs that are in
development and not yet ready to be presented to developers. ::

  pipelines:
    - name: post-merge
      manager: IndependentPipelineManager
      trigger:
        - event: change-merged
      success:
        force-message: True
      failure:
        force-message: True

The ``change-merged`` events happen when a change has been merged in the git
repository. The change is thus closed and Gerrit will not accept modifications
to the review scoring such as ``code-review`` or ``verified``. By using the
``force-message: True`` parameter, Zuul will pass ``--force-message`` to the
``gerrit review`` command, thus making sure the message is actually
sent back to Gerrit regardless of approval scores.
That kind of pipeline is nice to run regression or performance tests.

.. note::
  The ``change-merged`` event does not include the commit sha1 which can be
  hazardous, it would let you report back to Gerrit though.  If you were to
  build a tarball for a specific commit, you should consider insteading using
  the ``ref-updated`` event which does include the commit sha1 (but lack the
  Gerrit change number).

Jobs
""""

The jobs section is optional, and can be used to set attributes of
jobs that are independent of their association with a project.  For
example, if a job should return a customized message on failure, that
may be specified here.  Otherwise, Zuul does not need to be told about
each job as it builds a list from the project specification.

**name**
  The name of the job.  This field is treated as a regular expression
  and will be applied to each job that matches.

**failure-message (optional)**
  The message that should be reported to Gerrit if the job fails.

**success-message (optional)**
  The message that should be reported to Gerrit if the job fails.

**hold-following-changes (optional)**
  This is a boolean that indicates that changes that follow this
  change in a dependent change pipeline should wait until this job
  succeeds before launching.  If this is applied to a very short job
  that can predict whether longer jobs will fail early, this can be
  used to reduce the number of jobs that Zuul will launch and
  ultimately have to cancel.  In that case, a small amount of
  paralellization of jobs is traded for more efficient use of testing
  resources.  On the other hand, to apply this to a long running job
  would largely defeat the parallelization of dependent change testing
  that is the main feature of Zuul.  The default is False.

**branch (optional)**
  This job should only be run on matching branches.  This field is
  treated as a regular expression and multiple branches may be
  listed.

**parameter-function (optional)**
  Specifies a function that should be applied to the parameters before
  the job is launched.  The function should be defined in a python file
  included with the :ref:`includes` directive.  The function
  should have the following signature:

  .. function:: parameters(change, parameters)

     Manipulate the parameters passed to a job before a build is
     launched.  The ``parameters`` dictionary will already contain the
     standard Zuul job parameters, and is expected to be modified
     in-place.

     :param change: the current change
     :type change: zuul.model.Change
     :param parameters: parameters to be passed to the job
     :type parameters: dict

Here is an example of setting the failure message for jobs that check
whether a change merges cleanly::

  - name: ^.*-merge$
    failure-message: This change was unable to be automatically merged
    with the current state of the repository. Please rebase your
    change and upload a new patchset.

Projects
""""""""

The projects section indicates what jobs should be run in each pipeline
for events associated with each project.  It contains a list of
projects.  Here is an example::

  - name: example/project
    check:
      - project-merge:
        - project-unittest
        - project-pep8
        - project-pyflakes
    gate:
      - project-merge:
        - project-unittest
        - project-pep8
        - project-pyflakes
    post:
      - project-publish

**name**
  The name of the project (as known by Gerrit).

This is followed by a section for each of the pipelines defined above.
Pipelines may be omitted if no jobs should run for this project in a
given pipeline.  Within the pipeline section, the jobs that should be
executed are listed.  If a job is entered as a dictionary key, then
jobs contained within that key are only executed if the key job
succeeds.  In the above example, project-unittest, project-pep8, and
project-pyflakes are only executed if project-merge succeeds.  This
can help avoid running unnecessary jobs.

.. seealso:: The OpenStack Zuul configuration for a comprehensive example: https://github.com/openstack/openstack-ci-puppet/blob/master/modules/openstack_project/files/zuul/layout.yaml


logging.conf
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This file is optional.  If provided, it should be a standard
:mod:`logging.config` module configuration file.  If not present, Zuul will
output all log messages of DEBUG level or higher to the console.

Starting Zuul
-------------

To start Zuul, run **zuul-server**::

  usage: zuul-server [-h] [-c CONFIG] [-d]

  Project gating system.

  optional arguments:
    -h, --help  show this help message and exit
    -c CONFIG   specify the config file
    -d          do not run as a daemon

You may want to use the ``-d`` argument while you are initially setting
up Zuul so you can detect any configuration errors quickly.  Under
normal operation, omit ``-d`` and let Zuul run as a daemon.

If you send signal 1 (SIGHUP) to the zuul-server process, Zuul will
stop executing new jobs, wait until all executing jobs are finished,
reload its configuration, and resume.  Any values in any of the
configuration files may be changed, except the location of Zuul's PID
file (a change to that will be ignored until Zuul is restarted).