:title: Project Configuration

.. _project-config:

Project Configuration
=====================

The following sections describe the main part of Zuul's configuration.
All of what follows is found within files inside of the repositories
that Zuul manages.

Security Contexts
-----------------

When a system administrator configures Zuul to operate on a project,
they specify one of two security contexts for that project.  A
*config-project* is one which is primarily tasked with holding
configuration information and job content for Zuul.  Jobs which are
defined in a *config-project* are run with elevated privileges, and
all Zuul configuration items are available for use.  It is expected
that changes to *config-projects* will undergo careful scrutiny before
being merged.

An *untrusted-project* is a project whose primary focus is not to
operate Zuul, but rather it is one of the projects being tested or
deployed.  The Zuul configuration language available to these projects
is somewhat restricted (as detailed in individual section below), and
jobs defined in these projects run in a restricted execution
environment since they may be operating on changes which have not yet
undergone review.

Configuration Loading
---------------------

When Zuul starts, it examines all of the git repositories which are
specified by the system administrator in :ref:`tenant-config` and searches
for files in the root of each repository. Zuul looks first for a file named
`zuul.yaml` or a directory named `zuul.d`, and if they are not found,
`.zuul.yaml` or `.zuul.d` (with a leading dot). In the case of an
*untrusted-project*, the configuration from every branch is included,
however, in the case of a *config-project*, only the `master` branch is
examined.

When a change is proposed to one of these files in an
*untrusted-project*, the configuration proposed in the change is
merged into the running configuration so that any changes to Zuul's
configuration are self-testing as part of that change.  If there is a
configuration error, no jobs will be run and the error will be
reported by any applicable pipelines.  In the case of a change to a
*config-project*, the new configuration is parsed and examined for
errors, but the new configuration is not used in testing the change.
This is because configuration in *config-projects* is able to access
elevated privileges and should always be reviewed before being merged.

As soon as a change containing a Zuul configuration change merges to
any Zuul-managed repository, the new configuration takes effect
immediately.

Configuration Items
-------------------

The `zuul.yaml` and `.zuul.yaml` configuration files are
YAML-formatted and are structured as a series of items, each of which
is described below.

In the case of a `zuul.d` directory, Zuul recurses the directory and extends
the configuration using all the .yaml files in the sorted path order.
For example, to keep job's variants in a separate file, it needs to be loaded
after the main entries, for example using number prefixes in file's names::

* zuul.d/pipelines.yaml
* zuul.d/projects.yaml
* zuul.d/01_jobs.yaml
* zuul.d/02_jobs-variants.yaml

.. _pipeline:

Pipeline
~~~~~~~~

A pipeline describes a workflow operation in Zuul.  It associates jobs
for a given project with triggering and reporting events.

Its flexible configuration allows for characterizing any number of
workflows, and by specifying each as a named configuration, makes it
easy to apply similar workflow operations to projects or groups of
projects.

By way of example, one of the primary uses of Zuul is to perform
project gating.  To do so, one can create a *gate* pipeline which
tells Zuul that when a certain event (such as approval by a code
reviewer) occurs, the corresponding change or pull request should be
enqueued into the pipeline.  When that happens, the jobs which have
been configured to run for that project in the *gate* pipeline are
run, and when they complete, the pipeline reports the results to the
user.

Pipeline configuration items may only appear in *config-projects*.

Generally, a Zuul administrator would define a small number of
pipelines which represent the workflow processes used in their
environment.  Each project can then be added to the available
pipelines as appropriate.

Here is an example *check* pipeline, which runs whenever a new
patchset is created in Gerrit.  If the associated jobs all report
success, the pipeline reports back to Gerrit with a *Verified* vote of
+1, or if at least one of them fails, a -1::

  - pipeline:
      name: check
      manager: independent
      trigger:
        my_gerrit:
          - event: patchset-created
      success:
        my_gerrit:
          Verified: 1
      failure:
        my_gerrit
          Verified: -1

.. TODO: See TODO for more annotated examples of common pipeline configurations.

.. zuul:configobject:: pipeline

   The attributes available on a pipeline are as follows (all are
   optional unless otherwise specified):

   .. zuul:attr:: name
      :required:

      This is used later in the project definition to indicate what jobs
      should be run for events in the pipeline.

   .. zuul:attr:: manager
      :required:

      There are currently two schemes for managing pipelines:

      .. _independent_pipeline_manager:

      .. zuul:value:: independent

         Every event in this pipeline should be treated as independent
         of other events in the pipeline.  This is appropriate when
         the order of events in the pipeline doesn't matter because
         the results of the actions this pipeline performs can not
         affect other events in the pipeline.  For example, when a
         change is first uploaded for review, you may want to run
         tests on that change to provide early feedback to reviewers.
         At the end of the tests, the change is not going to be
         merged, so it is safe to run these tests in parallel without
         regard to any other changes in the pipeline.  They are
         independent.

         Another type of pipeline that is independent is a post-merge
         pipeline. In that case, the changes have already merged, so
         the results can not affect any other events in the pipeline.

      .. _dependent_pipeline_manager:

      .. zuul:value:: dependent

         The dependent pipeline manager is designed for gating.  It
         ensures that every change is tested exactly as it is going to
         be merged into the repository.  An ideal gating system would
         test one change at a time, applied to the tip of the
         repository, and only if that change passed tests would it be
         merged.  Then the next change in line would be tested the
         same way.  In order to achieve parallel testing of changes,
         the dependent pipeline manager performs speculative execution
         on changes.  It orders changes based on their entry into the
         pipeline.  It begins testing all changes in parallel,
         assuming that each change ahead in the pipeline will pass its
         tests.  If they all succeed, all the changes can be tested
         and merged in parallel.  If a change near the front of the
         pipeline fails its tests, each change behind it ignores
         whatever tests have been completed and are tested again
         without the change in front.  This way gate tests may run in
         parallel but still be tested correctly, exactly as they will
         appear in the repository when merged.

         For more detail on the theory and operation of Zuul's
         dependent pipeline manager, see: :doc:`gating`.

   .. zuul:attr:: allow-secrets

      This is a boolean which can be used to prevent jobs which
      require secrets from running in this pipeline.  Some pipelines
      run on proposed changes and therefore execute code which has not
      yet been reviewed.  In such a case, allowing a job to use a
      secret could result in that secret being exposed.  The default
      is False, meaning that in order to run jobs with secrets, this
      must be explicitly enabled on each Pipeline where that is safe.

      For more information, see :ref:`secret`.

   .. zuul:attr:: description

      This field may be used to provide a textual description of the
      pipeline.  It may appear in the status page or in documentation.

   .. zuul:attr:: success-message

      The introductory text in reports when all the voting jobs are
      successful.  Defaults to "Build successful."

   .. zuul:attr:: failure-message

      The introductory text in reports when at least one voting job
      fails.  Defaults to "Build failed."

   .. zuul:attr:: merge-failure-message

      The introductory text in the message reported when a change
      fails to merge with the current state of the repository.
      Defaults to "Merge failed."

   .. zuul:attr:: footer-message

      Supplies additional information after test results.  Useful for
      adding information about the CI system such as debugging and
      contact details.

   .. zuul:attr:: trigger

      At least one trigger source must be supplied for each pipeline.
      Triggers are not exclusive -- matching events may be placed in
      multiple pipelines, and they will behave independently in each
      of the pipelines they match.

      Triggers are loaded from their connection name. The driver type
      of the connection will dictate which options are available.  See
      :ref:`drivers`.

   .. zuul:attr:: require

      If this section is present, it established pre-requisites for
      any kind of item entering the Pipeline.  Regardless of how the
      item is to be enqueued (via any trigger or automatic dependency
      resolution), the conditions specified here must be met or the
      item will not be enqueued.

      .. _pipeline-require-approval:

      .. zuul:attr:: approval

         This requires that a certain kind of approval be present for
         the current patchset of the change (the approval could be
         added by the event in question).  It takes several
         sub-parameters, all of which are optional and are combined
         together so that there must be an approval matching all
         specified requirements.

          .. zuul:attr:: username

             If present, an approval from this username is required.  It is
             treated as a regular expression.

          .. zuul:attr:: email

             If present, an approval with this email address is required.  It
             is treated as a regular expression.

          .. zuul:attr:: email-filter (deprecated)

             A deprecated alternate spelling of *email*.  Only one of
             *email* or *email_filter* should be used.

          .. zuul:attr:: older-than

             If present, the approval must be older than this amount
             of time to match.  Provide a time interval as a number
             with a suffix of "w" (weeks), "d" (days), "h" (hours),
             "m" (minutes), "s" (seconds).  Example ``48h`` or ``2d``.

          .. zuul:attr:: newer-than

             If present, the approval must be newer than this amount
             of time to match.  Same format as "older-than".

          Any other field is interpreted as a review category and
          value pair.  For example ``Verified: 1`` would require that
          the approval be for a +1 vote in the "Verified" column.  The
          value may either be a single value or a list: ``Verified:
          [1, 2]`` would match either a +1 or +2 vote.

      .. zuul:attr:: open

         A boolean value (``true`` or ``false``) that indicates whether
         the change must be open or closed in order to be enqueued.

      .. zuul:attr:: current-patchset

         A boolean value (``true`` or ``false``) that indicates whether
         the change must be the current patchset in order to be
         enqueued.

      .. zuul:attr:: status

         A string value that corresponds with the status of the change
         reported by the trigger.

   .. zuul:attr:: reject

      If this section is present, it establishes pre-requisites that
      can block an item from being enqueued. It can be considered a
      negative version of **require**.

      .. zuul:attr:: approval

         This takes a list of approvals. If an approval matches the
         provided criteria the change can not be entered into the
         pipeline. It follows the same syntax as the :ref:`"require
         approval" pipeline above <pipeline-require-approval>`.

         Example to reject a change with any negative vote::

           reject:
             approval:
               - code-review: [-1, -2]

   .. zuul:attr:: dequeue-on-new-patchset

      Normally, if a new patchset is uploaded to a change that is in a
      pipeline, the existing entry in the pipeline will be removed
      (with jobs canceled and any dependent changes that can no longer
      merge as well.  To suppress this behavior (and allow jobs to
      continue running), set this to ``false``.  Default: ``true``.

   .. zuul:attr:: ignore-dependencies

      In any kind of pipeline (dependent or independent), Zuul will
      attempt to enqueue all dependencies ahead of the current change
      so that they are tested together (independent pipelines report
      the results of each change regardless of the results of changes
      ahead).  To ignore dependencies completely in an independent
      pipeline, set this to ``true``.  This option is ignored by
      dependent pipelines.  The default is: ``false``.

   .. zuul:attr:: precedence

      Indicates how the build scheduler should prioritize jobs for
      different pipelines.  Each pipeline may have one precedence,
      jobs for pipelines with a higher precedence will be run before
      ones with lower.  The value should be one of ``high``,
      ``normal``, or ``low``.  Default: ``normal``.

   The following options configure *reporters*.  Reporters are
   complementary to triggers; where a trigger is an event on a
   connection which causes Zuul to enqueue an item, a reporter is the
   action performed on a connection when an item is dequeued after its
   jobs complete.  The actual syntax for a reporter is defined by the
   driver which implements it.  See :ref:`drivers` for more
   information.

   .. zuul:attr:: success

      Describes where Zuul should report to if all the jobs complete
      successfully.  This section is optional; if it is omitted, Zuul
      will run jobs and do nothing on success -- it will not report at
      all.  If the section is present, the listed reporters will be
      asked to report on the jobs.  The reporters are listed by their
      connection name. The options available depend on the driver for
      the supplied connection.

   .. zuul:attr:: failure

      These reporters describe what Zuul should do if at least one job
      fails.

   .. zuul:attr:: merge-failure

      These reporters describe what Zuul should do if it is unable to
      merge in the patchset. If no merge-failure reporters are listed
      then the ``failure`` reporters will be used to notify of
      unsuccessful merges.

   .. zuul:attr:: start

      These reporters describe what Zuul should do when a change is
      added to the pipeline.  This can be used, for example, to reset
      a previously reported result.

   .. zuul:attr:: disabled

      These reporters describe what Zuul should do when a pipeline is
      disabled.  See ``disable-after-consecutive-failures``.

   The following options can be used to alter Zuul's behavior to
   mitigate situations in which jobs are failing frequently (perhaps
   due to a problem with an external dependency, or unusually high
   non-deterministic test failures).

   .. zuul:attr:: disable-after-consecutive-failures

      If set, a pipeline can enter a ''disabled'' state if too many
      changes in a row fail. When this value is exceeded the pipeline
      will stop reporting to any of the ``success``, ``failure`` or
      ``merge-failure`` reporters and instead only report to the
      ``disabled`` reporters.  (No ``start`` reports are made when a
      pipeline is disabled).

   .. zuul:attr:: window

      Dependent pipeline managers only. Zuul can rate limit dependent
      pipelines in a manner similar to TCP flow control.  Jobs are
      only started for items in the queue if they are within the
      actionable window for the pipeline. The initial length of this
      window is configurable with this value. The value given should
      be a positive integer value. A value of ``0`` disables rate
      limiting on the DependentPipelineManager.  Default: ``20``.

   .. zuul:attr:: window-floor

      Dependent pipeline managers only. This is the minimum value for
      the window described above. Should be a positive non zero
      integer value.  Default: ``3``.

   .. zuul:attr:: window-increase-type

      Dependent pipeline managers only. This value describes how the
      window should grow when changes are successfully merged by
      zuul. A value of ``linear`` indicates that
      ``window-increase-factor`` should be added to the previous
      window value. A value of ``exponential`` indicates that
      ``window-increase-factor`` should be multiplied against the
      previous window value and the result will become the window
      size.  Default: ``linear``.

   .. zuul:attr:: window-increase-factor

      Dependent pipeline managers only. The value to be added or
      multiplied against the previous window value to determine the
      new window after successful change merges.  Default: ``1``.

   .. zuul:attr:: window-decrease-type

      Dependent pipeline managers only. This value describes how the
      window should shrink when changes are not able to be merged by
      Zuul. A value of ``linear`` indicates that
      ``window-decrease-factor`` should be subtracted from the
      previous window value. A value of ``exponential`` indicates that
      ``window-decrease-factor`` should be divided against the
      previous window value and the result will become the window
      size.  Default: ``exponential``.

   .. zuul:attr:: window-decrease-factor

      Dependent pipline managers only. The value to be subtracted or
      divided against the previous window value to determine the new
      window after unsuccessful change merges.  Default: ``2``.


.. _job:

Job
~~~

A job is a unit of work performed by Zuul on an item enqueued into a
pipeline.  Items may run any number of jobs (which may depend on each
other).  Each job is an invocation of an Ansible playbook with a
specific inventory of hosts.  The actual tasks that are run by the job
appear in the playbook for that job while the attributes that appear in the
Zuul configuration specify information about when, where, and how the
job should be run.

Jobs in Zuul support inheritance.  Any job may specify a single parent
job, and any attributes not set on the child job are collected from
the parent job.  In this way, a configuration structure may be built
starting with very basic jobs which describe characteristics that all
jobs on the system should have, progressing through stages of
specialization before arriving at a particular job.  A job may inherit
from any other job in any project (however, if the other job is marked
as `final`, some attributes may not be overidden).

Jobs also support a concept called variance.  The first time a job
definition appears is called the reference definition of the job.
Subsequent job definitions with the same name are called variants.
These may have different selection criteria which indicate to Zuul
that, for instance, the job should behave differently on a different
git branch.  Unlike inheritance, all job variants must be defined in
the same project.

When Zuul decides to run a job, it performs a process known as
freezing the job.  Because any number of job variants may be
applicable, Zuul collects all of the matching variants and applies
them in the order they appeared in the configuration.  The resulting
frozen job is built from attributes gathered from all of the
matching variants.  In this way, exactly what is run is dependent on
the pipeline, project, branch, and content of the item.

In addition to the job's main playbook, each job may specify one or
more pre- and post-playbooks.  These are run, in order, before and
after (respectively) the main playbook.  They may be used to set up
and tear down resources needed by the main playbook.  When combined
with inheritance, they provide powerful tools for job construction.  A
job only has a single main playbook, and when inheriting from a
parent, the child's main playbook overrides (or replaces) the
parent's.  However, the pre- and post-playbooks are appended and
prepended in a nesting fashion.  So if a parent job and child job both
specified pre and post playbooks, the sequence of playbooks run would
be:

* parent pre-run playbook
* child pre-run playbook
* child playbook
* child post-run playbook
* parent post-run playbook

Further inheritance would nest even deeper.

Here is an example of two job definitions::

  - job:
      name: base
      pre-run: copy-git-repos
      post-run: copy-logs

  - job:
      name: run-tests
      parent: base
      nodes:
        - name: test-node
          image: fedora

The following attributes are available on a job; all are optional
unless otherwise specified:

**name** (required)
  The name of the job.  By default, Zuul looks for a playbook with
  this name to use as the main playbook for the job.  This name is
  also referenced later in a project pipeline configuration.

**parent**
  Specifies a job to inherit from.  The parent job can be defined in
  this or any other project.  Any attributes not specified on a job
  will be collected from its parent.

**description**
  A textual description of the job.  Not currently used directly by
  Zuul, but it is used by the zuul-sphinx extension to Sphinx to
  auto-document Zuul jobs (in which case it is interpreted as
  ReStructuredText.

**success-message**
  Normally when a job succeeds, the string "SUCCESS" is reported as
  the result for the job.  If set, this option may be used to supply a
  different string.  Default: "SUCCESS".

**failure-message**
  Normally when a job fails, the string "FAILURE" is reported as
  the result for the job.  If set, this option may be used to supply a
  different string.  Default: "FAILURE".

**success-url**
  When a job succeeds, this URL is reported along with the result.  If
  this value is not supplied, Zuul uses the content of the job
  :ref:`return value <return_values>` **zuul.log_url**.  This is
  recommended as it allows the code which stores the URL to the job
  artifacts to report exactly where they were stored.  To override
  this value, or if it is not set, supply an absolute URL in this
  field.  If a relative URL is supplied in this field, and
  **zuul.log_url** is set, then the two will be combined to produce
  the URL used for the report.  This can be used to specify that
  certain jobs should "deep link" into the stored job artifacts.
  Default: none.

**failure-url**
  When a job fails, this URL is reported along with the result.
  Otherwise behaves the same as **success-url**.

**hold-following-changes**
  In a dependent pipeline, this option may be used to indicate that no
  jobs should start on any items which depend on the current item
  until this job has completed successfully.  This may be used to
  conserve build resources, at the expense of inhibiting the
  parallelization which speeds the processing of items in a dependent
  pipeline.  A boolean value, default: false.

**voting**
  Indicates whether the result of this job should be used in
  determining the overall result of the item.  A boolean value,
  default: true.

**semaphore**
  The name of a :ref:`semaphore` which should be acquired and released
  when the job begins and ends.  If the semaphore is at maximum
  capacity, then Zuul will wait until it can be acquired before
  starting the job.  Default: none.

**tags**
  Metadata about this job.  Tags are units of information attached to
  the job; they do not affect Zuul's behavior, but they can be used
  within the job to characterize the job.  For example, a job which
  tests a certain subsystem could be tagged with the name of that
  subsystem, and if the job's results are reported into a database,
  then the results of all jobs affecting that subsystem could be
  queried.  This attribute is specified as a list of strings, and when
  inheriting jobs or applying variants, tags accumulate in a set, so
  the result is always a set of all the tags from all the jobs and
  variants used in constructing the frozen job, with no duplication.
  Default: none.

**branches**
  A regular expression (or list of regular expressions) which describe
  on what branches a job should run (or in the case of variants: to
  alter the behavior of a job for a certain branch).

  If there is no job definition for a given job which matches the
  branch of an item, then that job is not run for the item.
  Otherwise, all of the job variants which match that branch (and any
  other selection criteria) are used when freezing the job.

  This example illustrates a job called *run-tests* which uses a
  nodeset based on the current release of an operating system to
  perform its tests, except when testing changes to the stable/2.0
  branch, in which case it uses an older release::

    - job:
        name: run-tests
        nodes: current-release

    - job:
        name: run-tests
        branch: stable/2.0
        nodes: old-release

  In some cases, Zuul uses an implied value for the branch specifier
  if none is supplied:

  * For a job definition in a *config-project*, no implied branch
    specifier is used.  If no branch specifier appears, the job
    applies to all branches.

  * In the case of an *untrusted-project*, no implied branch specifier
    is applied to the reference definition of a job.  That is to say,
    that if the first appearance of the job definition appears without
    a branch specifier, then it will apply to all branches.  Note that
    when collecting its configuration, Zuul reads the `master` branch
    of a given project first, then other branches in alphabetical
    order.

  * Any further job variants other than the reference definition in an
    *untrusted-project* will, if they do not have a branch specifier,
    will have an implied branch specifier for the current branch
    applied.

  This allows for the very simple and expected workflow where if a
  project defines a job on the master branch with no branch specifier,
  and then creates a new branch based on master, any changes to that
  job definition within the new branch only affect that branch.

**files**
  This attribute indicates that the job should only run on changes
  where the specified files are modified.  This is a regular
  expression or list of regular expressions.  Default: none.

**irrelevant-files**
  This is a negative complement of `files`.  It indicates that the job
  should run unless *all* of the files changed match this list.  In
  other words, if the regular expression `docs/.*` is supplied, then
  this job will not run if the only files changed are in the docs
  directory.  A regular expression or list of regular expressions.
  Default: none.

**auth**
  Authentication information to be made available to the job.  This is
  a dictionary with two potential keys:

  **inherit**
  A boolean indicating that the authentication information referenced
  by this job should be able to be inherited by child jobs.  Normally
  when a job inherits from another job, the auth section is not
  included.  This permits jobs to inherit the same basic structure and
  playbook, but ensures that secret information is unable to be
  exposed by a child job which may alter the job's behavior.  If it is
  safe for the contents of the authentication section to be used by
  child jobs, set this to ``true``.  Default: ``false``.

  **secrets**
  A list of secrets which may be used by the job.  A :ref:`secret` is
  a named collection of private information defined separately in the
  configuration.  The secrets that appear here must be defined in the
  same project as this job definition.

  In the future, other types of authentication information may be
  added.

**nodes**
  A list of nodes which should be supplied to the job.  This parameter
  may be supplied either as a string, in which case it references a
  :ref:`nodeset` definition which appears elsewhere in the
  configuration, or a list, in which case it is interpreted in the
  same way as a Nodeset definition (in essence, it is an anonymous
  Node definition unique to this job).  See the :ref:`nodeset`
  reference for the syntax to use in that case.

  If a job has an empty or no node definition, it will still run and
  may be able to perform actions on the Zuul executor.

**override-branch**
  When Zuul runs jobs for a proposed change, it normally checks out
  the branch associated with that change on every project present in
  the job.  If jobs are running on a ref (such as a branch tip or
  tag), then that ref is normally checked out.  This attribute is used
  to override that behavior and indicate that this job should,
  regardless of the branch for the queue item, use the indicated
  branch instead.  This can be used, for example, to run a previous
  version of the software (from a stable maintenance branch) under
  test even if the change being tested applies to a different branch
  (this is only likely to be useful if there is some cross-branch
  interaction with some component of the system being tested).  See
  also the project-specific **override-branch** attribute under
  **required-projects** to apply this behavior to a subset of a job's
  projects.

**timeout**
  The time in minutes that the job should be allowed to run before it
  is automatically aborted and failure is reported.  If no timeout is
  supplied, the job may run indefinitely.  Supplying a timeout is
  highly recommended.

**attempts**
  When Zuul encounters an error running a job's pre-run playbook, Zuul
  will stop and restart the job.  Errors during the main or
  post-run -playbook phase of a job are not affected by this parameter
  (they are reported immediately).  This parameter controls the number
  of attempts to make before an error is reported.  Default: 3.

**pre-run**
  The name of a playbook or list of playbooks without file extension
  to run before the main body of a job.  The full path to the playbook
  in the repo where the job is defined is expected.

  When a job inherits from a parent, the child's pre-run playbooks are
  run after the parent's.  See :ref:`job` for more information.

**post-run**
  The name of a playbook or list of playbooks without file extension
  to run after the main body of a job.  The full path to the playbook
  in the repo where the job is defined is expected.

  When a job inherits from a parent, the child's post-run playbooks
  are run before the parent's.  See :ref:`job` for more information.

**run**
  The name of the main playbook for this job.  This parameter is
  not normally necessary, as it defaults to a playbook with the
  same name as the job inside of the `playbooks/` directory (e.g.,
  the `foo` job would default to `playbooks/foo`.  However, if a
  playbook with a different name is needed, it can be specified
  here.  The file extension is not required, but the full path
  within the repo is.  When a child inherits from a parent, a
  playbook with the name of the child job is implicitly searched
  first, before falling back on the playbook used by the parent
  job (unless the child job specifies a ``run`` attribute, in which
  case that value is used).  Example::

     run: playbooks/<name of the job>

**roles**
  A list of Ansible roles to prepare for the job.  Because a job runs
  an Ansible playbook, any roles which are used by the job must be
  prepared and installed by Zuul before the job begins.  This value is
  a list of dictionaries, each of which indicates one of two types of
  roles: a Galaxy role, which is simply a role that is installed from
  Ansible Galaxy, or a Zuul role, which is a role provided by a
  project managed by Zuul.  Zuul roles are able to benefit from
  speculative merging and cross-project dependencies when used by
  playbooks in untrusted projects.  Roles are added to the Ansible
  role path in the order they appear on the job -- roles earlier in
  the list will take precedence over those which follow.

  In the case of job inheritance or variance, the roles used for each
  of the playbooks run by the job will be only those which were
  defined along with that playbook.  If a child job inherits from a
  parent which defines a pre and post playbook, then the pre and post
  playbooks it inherits from the parent job will run only with the
  roles that were defined on the parent.  If the child adds its own
  pre and post playbooks, then any roles added by the child will be
  available to the child's playbooks.  This is so that a job which
  inherits from a parent does not inadvertantly alter the behavior of
  the parent's playbooks by the addition of conflicting roles.  Roles
  added by a child will appear before those it inherits from its
  parent.

  A project which supplies a role may be structured in one of two
  configurations: a bare role (in which the role exists at the root of
  the project), or a contained role (in which the role exists within
  the `roles/` directory of the project, perhaps along with other
  roles).  In the case of a contained role, the `roles/` directory of
  the project is added to the role search path.  In the case of a bare
  role, the project itself is added to the role search path.  In case
  the name of the project is not the name under which the role should
  be installed (and therefore referenced from Ansible), the `name`
  attribute may be used to specify an alternate.

  A job automatically has the project in which it is defined added to
  the roles path if that project appears to contain a role or `roles/`
  directory.  By default, the project is added to the path under its
  own name, however, that may be changed by explicitly listing the
  project in the roles list in the usual way.

  .. note:: galaxy roles are not yet implemented

  **galaxy**
    The name of the role in Ansible Galaxy.  If this attribute is
    supplied, Zuul will search Ansible Galaxy for a role by this name
    and install it.  Mutually exclusive with ``zuul``; either
    ``galaxy`` or ``zuul`` must be supplied.

  **zuul**
    The name of a Zuul project which supplies the role.  Mutually
    exclusive with ``galaxy``; either ``galaxy`` or ``zuul`` must be
    supplied.

  **name**
    The installation name of the role.  In the case of a bare role,
    the role will be made available under this name.  Ignored in the
    case of a contained role.

**required-projects**
  A list of other projects which are used by this job.  Any Zuul
  projects specified here will also be checked out by Zuul into the
  working directory for the job.  Speculative merging and cross-repo
  dependencies will be honored.

  The format for this attribute is either a list of strings or
  dictionaries.  Strings are interpreted as project names,
  dictionaries may have the following attributes:

  **name**
    The name of the required project.

  **override-branch**
    When Zuul runs jobs for a proposed change, it normally checks out
    the branch associated with that change on every project present in
    the job.  If jobs are running on a ref (such as a branch tip or
    tag), then that ref is normally checked out.  This attribute is
    used to override that behavior and indicate that this job should,
    regardless of the branch for the queue item, use the indicated
    branch instead, for only this project.  See also the
    **override-branch** attribute of jobs to apply the same behavior
    to all projects in a job.

**vars**

A dictionary of variables to supply to Ansible.  When inheriting from
a job (or creating a variant of a job) vars are merged with previous
definitions.  This means a variable definition with the same name will
override a previously defined variable, but new variable names will be
added to the set of defined variables.

**dependencies**
  A list of other jobs upon which this job depends.  Zuul will not
  start executing this job until all of its dependencies have
  completed successfully, and if one or more of them fail, this job
  will not be run.

**allowed-projects**
  A list of Zuul projects which may use this job.  By default, a job
  may be used by any other project known to Zuul, however, some jobs
  use resources or perform actions which are not appropriate for other
  projects.  In these cases, a list of projects which are allowed to
  use this job may be supplied.  If this list is not empty, then it
  must be an exhaustive list of all projects permitted to use the job.
  The current project (where the job is defined) is not automatically
  included, so if it should be able to run this job, then it must be
  explicitly listed.  Default: the empty list (all projects may use
  the job).


.. _project:

Project
~~~~~~~

A project corresponds to a source code repository with which Zuul is
configured to interact.  The main responsibility of the `Project`
configuration item is to specify which jobs should run in which
pipelines for a given project.  Within each `Project` definition, a
section for each `Pipeline` may appear.  This project-pipeline
definition is what determines how a project participates in a
pipeline.

Consider the following `Project` definition::

  - project:
      name: yoyodyne
      check:
        jobs:
          - check-syntax
          - unit-tests
      gate:
        queue: integrated
        jobs:
          - unit-tests
          - integration-tests

The project has two project-pipeline stanzas, one for the `check`
pipeline, and one for `gate`.  Each specifies which jobs shuld run
when a change for that project enteres the respective pipeline -- when
a change enters `check`, the `check-syntax` and `unit-test` jobs are
run.

Pipelines which use the dependent pipeline manager (e.g., the `gate`
example shown earlier) maintain separate queues for groups of
projects.  When Zuul serializes a set of changes which represent
future potential project states, it must know about all of the
projects within Zuul which may have an effect on the outcome of the
jobs it runs.  If project *A* uses project *B* as a library, then Zuul
must be told about that relationship so that it knows to serialize
changes to A and B together, so that it does not merge a change to B
while it is testing a change to A.

Zuul could simply assume that all projects are related, or even infer
relationships by which projects a job indicates it uses, however, in a
large system that would become unwieldy very quickly, and
unnecessarily delay changes to unrelated projects.  To allow for
flexibility in the construction of groups of related projects, the
change queues used by dependent pipeline managers are specified
manually.  To group two or more related projects into a shared queue
for a dependent pipeline, set the ``queue`` parameter to the same
value for those projects.

The `gate` project-pipeline definition above specifies that this
project participates in the `integrated` shared queue for that
pipeline.

In addition to a project-pipeline definition for one or more
`Pipelines`, the following attributes may appear in a Project:

**name** (required)
  The name of the project.  If Zuul is configured with two or more
  unique projects with the same name, the canonical hostname for the
  project should be included (e.g., `git.example.com/foo`).

**templates**
  A list of :ref:`project-template` references; the project-pipeline
  definitions of each Project Template will be applied to this
  project.  If more than one template includes jobs for a given
  pipeline, they will be combined, as will any jobs specified in
  project-pipeline definitions on the project itself.

.. _project-template:

Project Template
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

A Project Template defines one or more project-pipeline definitions
which can be re-used by multiple projects.

A Project Template uses the same syntax as a :ref:`project`
definition, however, in the case of a template, the ``name`` attribute
does not refer to the name of a project, but rather names the template
so that it can be referenced in a `Project` definition.

.. _secret:

Secret
~~~~~~

A Secret is a collection of private data for use by one or more jobs.
In order to maintain the security of the data, the values are usually
encrypted, however, data which are not sensitive may be provided
unencrypted as well for convenience.

A Secret may only be used by jobs defined within the same project.  To
use a secret, a :ref:`job` must specify the secret within its `auth`
section.  To protect against jobs in other repositories declaring a
job with a secret as a parent and then exposing that secret, jobs
which inherit from a job with secrets will not inherit the secrets
themselves.  To alter that behavior, see the `inherit` job attribute.
Further, jobs which do not permit children to inherit secrets (the
default) are also automatically marked `final`, meaning that their
execution related attributes may not be changed in a project-pipeline
stanza.  This is to protect against a job with secrets defined in one
project being used by another project in a way which might expose the
secrets.  If a job with secrets is unsafe to be used by other
projects, the `allowed-projects` job attribute can be used to restrict
the projects which can invoke that job.  Finally, pipelines which are
used to execute proposed but unreviewed changes can set the
`allow-secrets` attribute to indicate that they should not supply
secrets at all in order to protect against someone proposing a change
which exposes a secret.

The following attributes are required:

**name** (required)
  The name of the secret, used in a :ref:`Job` definition to request
  the secret.

**data** (required)
  A dictionary which will be added to the Ansible variables available
  to the job.  The values can either be plain text strings, or
  encrypted values.  See :ref:`encryption` for more information.

.. _nodeset:

Nodeset
~~~~~~~

A Nodeset is a named collection of nodes for use by a job.  Jobs may
specify what nodes they require individually, however, by defining
groups of node types once and referring to them by name, job
configuration may be simplified.

A Nodeset requires two attributes:

**name** (required)
  The name of the Nodeset, to be referenced by a :ref:`job`.

**nodes** (required)
  A list of node definitions, each of which has the following format:

  **name** (required)
    The name of the node.  This will appear in the Ansible inventory
    for the job.

  **label** (required)
    The Nodepool label for the node.  Zuul will request a node with
    this label.

.. _semaphore:

Semaphore
~~~~~~~~~

Semaphores can be used to restrict the number of certain jobs which
are running at the same time.  This may be useful for jobs which
access shared or limited resources.  A semaphore has a value which
represents the maximum number of jobs which use that semaphore at the
same time.

Semaphores are never subject to dynamic reconfiguration.  If the value
of a semaphore is changed, it will take effect only when the change
where it is updated is merged.  An example follows::

  - semaphore:
      name: semaphore-foo
      max: 5
  - semaphore:
      name: semaphore-bar
      max: 3

The following attributes are available:

**name** (required)
  The name of the semaphore, referenced by jobs.

**max**
  The maximum number of running jobs which can use this semaphore.
  Defaults to 1.