Split the merger into a separate process

Connect it to Zuul via Gearman.  Any number of mergers may be
deployed.

Directly find the pipeline for a build when processing a result,
so that the procedure is roughly the same for build and merge
results.

The timer trigger currently requires the gerrit trigger also be
configured.  Make that explicit inside of the timer trigger so
that the scheduler API interaction with triggers is cleaner.

Change-Id: I69498813764753c97c426e42d17596c2ef1d87cf
diff --git a/doc/source/merger.rst b/doc/source/merger.rst
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+:title: Merger
+
+Merger
+======
+
+The Zuul Merger is a separate component which communicates with the
+main Zuul server via Gearman.  Its purpose is to speculatively merge
+the changes for Zuul in preparation for testing.  The resulting git
+commits also must be served to the test workers, and the server(s)
+running the Zuul Merger are expected to do this as well.  Because both
+of these tasks are resource intensive, any number of Zuul Mergers can
+be run in parallel on distinct hosts.
+
+Configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Zuul Merger can read the same zuul.conf file as the main Zuul
+server and requires the ``gearman``, ``gerrit``, ``merger``, and
+``zuul`` sections (indicated fields only).  Be sure the zuul_url is
+set appropriately on each host that runs a zuul-merger.
+
+Zuul References
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As the DependentPipelineManager may combine several changes together
+for testing when performing speculative execution, determining exactly
+how the workspace should be set up when running a Job can be complex.
+To alleviate this problem, Zuul performs merges itself, merging or
+cherry-picking changes as required and identifies the result with a
+Git reference of the form ``refs/zuul/<branch>/Z<random sha1>``.
+Preparing the workspace is then a simple matter of fetching that ref
+and checking it out.  The parameters that provide this information are
+described in :ref:`launchers`.
+
+These references need to be made available via a Git repository that
+is available to Jenkins.  This is accomplished by serving Zuul's Git
+repositories directly.
+
+Serving Zuul Git Repos
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Zuul maintains its own copies of any needed Git repositories in the
+directory specified by ``git_dir`` in the ``merger`` section of
+zuul.conf (by default, /var/lib/zuul/git).  To directly serve Zuul's
+Git repositories in order to provide Zuul refs for Jenkins, you can
+configure Apache to do so using the following directives::
+
+  SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/lib/zuul/git
+  SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+
+  AliasMatch ^/p/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/lib/zuul/git/$1
+  AliasMatch ^/p/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/lib/zuul/git/$1
+  ScriptAlias /p/ /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend/
+
+And set ``push_change_refs`` to ``false`` (the default) in the
+``zuul`` section of zuul.conf.
+
+Note that Zuul's Git repositories are not bare, which means they have
+a working tree, and are not suitable for public consumption (for
+instance, a clone will produce a repository in an unpredictable state
+depending on what the state of Zuul's repository is when the clone
+happens).  They are, however, suitable for automated systems that
+respond to Zuul triggers.