Most test frameworks have a large collection of assertion macros to capture all possible conditional forms (_EQUALS, _NOTEQUALS, _GREATER_THAN etc).
doctest is different (but it's like Catch in this regard). Because it decomposes comparison expressions most of these forms are reduced to one or two that you will use all the time. That said, there is a rich set of auxiliary macros as well.
There are 3 levels of assert severity for all assertion macros:
REQUIRE - this level will immediately quit the test case if the assert fails and will mark the test case as failed.CHECK - this level will mark the test case as failed if the assert fails but will continue with the test case.WARN - this level will only print a message if the assert fails but will not mark the test case as failed.The CHECK level is mostly useful if you have a series of essentially orthogonal assertions and it is useful to see all the results rather than stopping at the first failure.
All asserts evaluate the expressions only once and if they fail - the values are stringified properly.
Note that the REQUIRE level of asserts uses exceptions to end the current test case. It might be dangerous to use this level of asserts inside destructors of user-defined classes - if a destructor is called during stack unwinding due to an exception and a REQUIRE assert fails then the program will terminate. Also since C++11 all destructors are by default noexcept(true) unless specified otherwise so such an assert will lead to std::terminate() being called.
These are of the form CHECK(expression) (Same for REQUIRE and WARN).
expression can be a binary comparison like a == b or just a single thing like vec.isEmpty().
If an exception is thrown it is caught, reported, and counted as a failure (unless the assert is of level WARN).
Examples:
CHECK(flags == state::alive | state::moving); CHECK(thisReturnsTrue()); REQUIRE(i < 42);
Negating asserts - <LEVEL>_FALSE(expression) - evaluates the expression and records the logical NOT of the result.
These forms exist as a workaround for the fact that ! prefixed expressions cannot be decomposed properly.
Example:
REQUIRE_FALSE(thisReturnsFalse());
Note that these asserts also have a _MESSAGE form - like CHECK_MESSAGE(expression, message) which is basically a code block {} with a scoped INFO() logging macro together with the CHECK macro - that way the message will be relevant only to that assert. All the other binary/unary/fast asserts don't have this variation.
Examples:
INFO("this is relevant to all asserts, and here is some var: " << local); CHECK_MESSAGE(a < b, "relevant only to this assert " << other_local << "more text!"); CHECK(b < c); // here only the first INFO() will be relevant
For more information about the INFO() macro and logging with the streaming operator<< visit the logging page.
These asserts don't use templates to decompose the comparison expressions for the left and right parts.
These have the same guarantees as the expression decomposing ones - just less templates - 20% faster for compile times.
<LEVEL> is one of 3 possible: REQUIRE/CHECK/WARN.
<LEVEL>_EQ(left, right) - same as <LEVEL>(left == right)<LEVEL>_NE(left, right) - same as <LEVEL>(left != right)<LEVEL>_GT(left, right) - same as <LEVEL>(left > right)<LEVEL>_LT(left, right) - same as <LEVEL>(left < right)<LEVEL>_GE(left, right) - same as <LEVEL>(left >= right)<LEVEL>_LE(left, right) - same as <LEVEL>(left <= right)<LEVEL>_UNARY(expr) - same as <LEVEL>(expr)<LEVEL>_UNARY_FALSE(expr) - same as <LEVEL>_FALSE(expr)These are the faster versions of the binary and unary asserts - by 30-70% of compile time.
The difference is they don't evaluate the expression in a try/catch block - if the expression throws the whole test case ends.
There is also the DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS config identifier that makes them even faster by another 35-80%!
<LEVEL> is one of 3 possible: REQUIRE/CHECK/WARN.
FAST_<LEVEL>_EQ(left, right) - almost the same as <LEVEL>(left == right)FAST_<LEVEL>_NE(left, right) - almost the same as <LEVEL>(left != right)FAST_<LEVEL>_GT(left, right) - almost the same as <LEVEL>(left > right)FAST_<LEVEL>_LT(left, right) - almost the same as <LEVEL>(left < right)FAST_<LEVEL>_GE(left, right) - almost the same as <LEVEL>(left >= right)FAST_<LEVEL>_LE(left, right) - almost the same as <LEVEL>(left <= right)FAST_<LEVEL>_UNARY(expr) - almost the same as <LEVEL>(expr)FAST_<LEVEL>_UNARY_FALSE(expr) - almost the same as <LEVEL>_FALSE(expr)<LEVEL> is one of 3 possible: REQUIRE/CHECK/WARN.
<LEVEL>_THROWS(expression)Expects that an exception (of any type) is thrown during evaluation of the expression.
<LEVEL>_THROWS_AS(expression, exception_type)Expects that an exception of the specified type is thrown during evaluation of the expression.
Note that the exception type is used as-is - no const or reference is added - so users are expected to specify them since the standard practice for exceptions in C++ is Throw by value, catch by reference.
CHECK_THROWS_AS(func(), const std::exception&); // note the reference and the const
<LEVEL>_NOTHROW(expression)Expects that no exception is thrown during evaluation of the expression.
Note that these asserts also have a _MESSAGE form - like CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expression, message) - these work identically to the _MESSAGE form of the normal macros (CHECK_MESSAGE(a < b, "this shouldn't fail")) described earlier.
When comparing floating point numbers - especially if at least one of them has been computed - great care must be taken to allow for rounding errors and inexact representations.
doctest provides a way to perform tolerant comparisons of floating point values through the use of a wrapper class called doctest::Approx. doctest::Approx can be used on either side of a comparison expression. It overloads the comparisons operators to take a relative tolerance into account. Here's a simple example:
REQUIRE(performComputation() == doctest::Approx(2.1));
By default a small epsilon value (relative - in percentages) is used that covers many simple cases of rounding errors. When this is insufficient the epsilon value (the amount within which a difference either way is ignored) can be specified by calling the epsilon() method on the doctest::Approx instance. e.g.:
REQUIRE(22.0/7 == doctest::Approx(3.141).epsilon(0.01)); // allow for a 1% error
When dealing with very large or very small numbers it can be useful to specify a scale, which can be achieved by calling the scale() method on the doctest::Approx instance.
try/catch - the REQUIRE macros throw exceptions to end the test case execution!